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© 1989 Oxford University Press

research-article

Photoactivation of mutagens

Silvio De Flora, Anna Camoirano, Alberto Izzotti, Francesco D'Agostini and Carlo Bennicelli

Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Genoa Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy

Solutions of several promutagens or of non-genotoxic carcinogens were exposed to sunlight or to artificial sources of UV or fluorescent light, under various experimental conditions. Irradiation resulted in the oxygen-mediated formation of direct-acting mutagenic and DNA-damaging photoproducts in bacteria, with evident structure-activity relationships. Of the aromatic amines tested, 2-aminofluorene and, with lower efficiency, 2-acetylaminofluorene were photoactivated, whereas irradiation of 4-acetylaminofluorene and of the 1- and 2-amino substitutes of anthracene and naphthalene did not produce mutagenic derivatives in Salmonella typhimurium. Of the heterocyclic amines, 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4, 5-f)quinoline and 2-amino-3, 4-dimethylimidazo[4, 5-f] quinoline were extraordinarily sensitive to activation by sunlight and fluorescent light, which contrasted with the insensitivity of the tryptophan pyrolysis products. Use of optical and interference filters showed that near-UV light is the main component of solar radiation responsible for the formation of highly stable mutagenic derivatives. The mutagenicity of 2-aminofluorene and of the aminoimidazoquinoline compounds, following both metabolic and light activation, was lost in nitroreductase-and O-acetyltransferase-deficient bacteria. Benzo[a]pyrene was better activated by 254- than by 365-nm UV light. Sunlight did not affect the lack of mutagenicity of carcinogenic organochlorine pesticides, but exposure to 254-nm UV light selectively resulted in the formation of weak mutagens from dieldrin and 1, 1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene, but not from 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, lacking carbon-carbon double bonds.


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