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© 1993 Oxford University Press

research-article

Evaluation of 4-(N-methylnitrosamino)-4-(3-pyridyl)butyric acid as a potential monitor of endogenous nitrosation of nicotine and its metabolites+

Anthony R. Tricker, Gerhard Scherer, Charlotte Conze, Franz Adlkofer, Anton Pachinger 1 and Hubert Klus 1

Analytisch-biologisches Forschungslabor Prof. Dr Med. F.Adlkofer Goethestraße 20, D-8000 Munich, Germany
1Ökolab, Gesellschaft für Umweltanalytik Hasnerstraße 124a, A-1160 Vienna, Austria

The potential endogenous nitrosation of nicotine and cotinine to yield 4-(N-methylnitrosamino)-4-(3-pyridyl)butyric acid (Iso-NNAC) has been studied in smokers and non-smokers. Following i.v. administration of 100 µg Iso-NNAC to rats, excretion in urine (67.4 ± 25.4%) and feces (6.1± 1.6%) occurred within 24 h. The urinary excretion of nitrate, nicotine, cotinine and Iso-NNAC were determined in 24 h urine samples from 19 smokers and 10 non-smokers. Iso-NNAC excretion was found on four occasions (44, 65, 74 and 163 ng/day) in smokers; non-smokers did not excrete Iso-NNAC. Oral administration of nicotine (n = 8; 12–40 mg) and cotinine (n = 3; 40–60 mg) to abstinent smokers did not result in Iso-NNAC excretion, even after oral nitrate (150mg) supplementation. However, Iso-NNAC was found in cigarette tobacco (10–330 ng/g) and mainstream cigarette smoke (1.1–5.5 ng/cig.). Our studies suggest that the occasional presence of Iso-NNAC in smokers' urine results from exogenous exposure to the preformed compound in mainstream cigarette smoke and not from endogenous nitrosation of nicotine and its metabolites.


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