Carcinogenesis, Vol 18, 2035-2042, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
H Witschi, I Espiritu, RR Maronpot, KE Pinkerton and AD Jones
Female strain A/J mice were exposed to unfiltered or HEPA-filtered
environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Total suspended particulates (TSP) in
the full smoke exposure chamber was 78.5 mg/m3 and in the filtered smoke
chamber 0.1 mg/m3; nicotine concentrations in the full and filtered smoke
chamber were 13.4 and 3.1 mg/m3, respectively. Animals exposed to filtered
ETS (6 h a day, 5 days a week) and killed after 5 months had a higher lung
tumor incidence and multiplicity than controls maintained in filtered air,
although the differences were not statistically significant. Animals
exposed to filtered and full ETS and allowed to recover in air for 4 months
had an average of 1.2 +/- 0.3 tumors per lung and 1.3 +/- 0.3 tumors per
lung, respectively. Air exposed control animals had an average tumor
multiplicity 0.5 +/- 0.1 tumors per lung. Increased immunostaining for CYP
1A1 was not evident in the lung of animals exposed to filtered smoke. Based
on the chamber concentrations of selected nitrosamines and polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons, the possible maximum uptakes by the mice of NNK, NNN
and benzo[a]pyrene during the 5 months exposure period were three to six
orders of magnitude below doses reported in the literature to produce 1
lung tumor in strain A/J mice. It was concluded that the gas phase of ETS
is as carcinogenic as is full ETS. The carcinogenicity of the gas phase may
be due to some as yet unidentified, yet highly potent carcinogens or by
placing a substantial, possibly free radical-mediated oxidative stress on
the lung.
ARTICLES
The carcinogenic potential of the gas phase of environmental tobacco smoke
Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Health, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
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