Carcinogenesis, Vol 18, 2119-2125, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
Y Zheng, PM Kramer, G Olson, RA Lubet, VE Steele, GJ Kelloff and MA Pereira
Retinoids are proposed chemopreventive agents that inhibit cell
proliferation and induce differentiation. Their ability to prevent
azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and tumors and to
modulate cell proliferation was investigated in the colon of male F344
rats. Thirteen retinoids were evaluated for prevention of ACF and two of
them, 9-cis-retinoic acid (RA) and 4-(hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4- HPR),
were also evaluated for prevention of colon cancer. The retinoids were
administered continuously in the diet starting 1 week prior to the first of
two weekly 15 mg/kg i.p. injections of AOM and for a total of either 5 or
36 weeks in order to evaluate their effect on colonic ACF and tumors. At a
concentration of 1 mmol/kg diet, 2- (carboxyphenyl)retinamide caused the
greatest reduction (57.7%) in the yield of ACF. 9-cis-RA was toxic at 1
mmol/kg so that it was evaluated at 0.1 mmol/kg, resulting in a 41.6%
reduction in ACF. The ability of the retinoids to reduce the proliferating
cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling index in ACF and in non-involved
crypts correlated with their ability to prevent ACF. Both 9-cis-RA (0.1 and
0.2 mmol/kg diet) and 4- HPR (1 and 2 mmol/kg diet) were highly effective
in decreasing the yield of AOM-induced colon tumors. In summary, retinoids
were demonstrated to reduce cell proliferation and to prevent ACF and
tumors in the colon, suggesting promise as preventive agents for colon
cancer.
ARTICLES
Prevention by retinoids of azoxymethane-induced tumors and aberrant crypt foci and their modulation of cell proliferation in the colon of rats
Department of Pathology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo 43614, USA.
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