Carcinogenesis, Vol 18, 2379-2384, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
E Kvam and RM Tyrrell
The premutagenic oxidative DNA base damage, 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine, is
induced in human skin fibroblasts by monochromatic radiation ranging from a
UVB wavelength (312 nm) up to wavelengths in the near visible (434 nm). The
oxidative damage is not generated by absorption of radiation in DNA but
rather by activation of photosensitizers generating genotoxic singlet
oxygen species. The spectrum for the yield of the oxidative damage in
confluent, non-growing, primary skin fibroblasts shows that it is UVA
(above 334 nm) and near visible radiations which cause almost all of this
guanine oxidation by natural sunlight in the fibroblast model. We estimate
that the total amount of oxidation of guanine induced by sunlight in
fibroblasts in the epidermis of the skin equals or exceeds the amount of
the major type of direct DNA damage, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. In
rapidly dividing lymphoblastoid cells, no oxidative guanine damage was
induced. However, in melanoma cells almost as much damage as in non-growing
fibroblasts (1.1 per 10(4) guanine bases after 1200 kJ/m2 UVA) was found.
We conclude that oxidative DNA base damage can probably contribute to the
induction of both non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer by sunlight.
ARTICLES
Induction of oxidative DNA base damage in human skin cells by UV and near visible radiation
Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Epalinges.
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