Carcinogenesis, Vol 18, 721-730, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
WC Chang, RS Chapkin and JR Lupton
In order to determine the prognostic significance of proliferation,
differentiation, and apoptosis as intermediate markers for colon tumor
development, these indices were measured during the promotion phase of
tumorigenesis. Two hundred and sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were provided
with one of two fats (corn oil and fish oil) and two fibers (pectin and
cellulose) plus or minus the carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM) and killed at
two time points (18 and 36 wk) in a 2x2x2x2 factorial design. In vivo cell
proliferation was measured immunohistochemically using incorporation of
bromodeoxyuridine into DNA. Differentiation was assessed by binding of
Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) to colonocytes. Apoptosis was measured
by immunoperoxidase detection of digoxigenin-labeled genomic DNA.
Adenocarcinoma incidence results at week 36 were 70.3% for corn oil + AOM
and 56.1% for fish oil + AOM treatment (P < 0.05); no main effect of
fiber was observed. At week 18, AOM treatment increased the number of cells
per crypt column in the proximal colon compared with saline controls (P =
0.0358) and increased the proliferative zone in the distal colon compared
with controls (P = 0.0073). However, changes in cell proliferation at week
18 did not predict the beneficial effect of fish oil versus corn oil. In
contrast, DBA binding (the marker for differentiation) was higher in fish
oil versus corn oil fed animals in both the proximal and distal colon and
in each portion of the crypt (P = 0.0001). There were a greater number of
apoptotic cells/crypt column in the proximal colon (P = 0.0019) and distal
colon (P = 0.0358) with fish oil compared with corn oil, and indices of
apoptosis also predicted certain fat/fiber interactions. Measurements of
differentiation and apoptosis had greater prognostic value to detect
dietary effects on tumor incidence than did measurements of cell
proliferation.
ARTICLES
Predictive value of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis as intermediate markers for colon tumorigenesis
Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-2471, USA.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  L. A. Davidson, N. Wang, I. Ivanov, J. Goldsby, J. R. Lupton, and R. S. Chapkin Identification of Actively Translated mRNA Transcripts in a Rat Model of Early-Stage Colon Carcinogenesis Cancer Prevention Research, November 1, 2009; 2(11): 984 - 994. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. K Pot, G. Majsak-Newman, A. Geelen, L. J Harvey, F. M Nagengast, B. J. Witteman, P. C van de Meeberg, R. Timmer, A. Tan, P. J Wahab, et al. Fish consumption and markers of colorectal cancer risk: a multicenter randomized controlled trial Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2009; 90(2): 354 - 361. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y.-Y. Fan, Y. Zhan, H. M. Aukema, L. A. Davidson, L. Zhou, E. Callaway, Y. Tian, B. R. Weeks, J. R. Lupton, S. Toyokuni, et al. Proapoptotic Effects of Dietary (n-3) Fatty Acids Are Enhanced in Colonocytes of Manganese-Dependent Superoxide Dismutase Knockout Mice J. Nutr., July 1, 2009; 139(7): 1328 - 1332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. J. West, E. D.J. Courtney, A. P. Poullis, and R. J. Leicester Apoptosis in the Colonic Crypt, Colorectal Adenomata, and Manipulation by Chemoprevention Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., June 1, 2009; 18(6): 1680 - 1687. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Warren, K. J. Paulhill, L. A. Davidson, J. R. Lupton, S. S. Taddeo, M. Y. Hong, R. J. Carroll, R. S. Chapkin, and N. D. Turner Quercetin May Suppress Rat Aberrant Crypt Foci Formation by Suppressing Inflammatory Mediators That Influence Proliferation and Apoptosis J. Nutr., January 1, 2009; 139(1): 101 - 105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. C. Crim, L. M. Sanders, M. Y. Hong, S. S. Taddeo, N. D. Turner, R. S. Chapkin, and J. R. Lupton Upregulation of p21Waf1/Cip1 expression in vivo by butyrate administration can be chemoprotective or chemopromotive depending on the lipid component of the diet Carcinogenesis, July 1, 2008; 29(7): 1415 - 1420. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L Ziliotto, L. Barbisan, and M. Rodrigues Lack of chemoprevention of dietary Agaricus blazei against rat colonic aberrant crypt foci Human and Experimental Toxicology, June 1, 2008; 27(6): 505 - 511. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Q. Jia, J. R. Lupton, R. Smith, B. R. Weeks, E. Callaway, L. A. Davidson, W. Kim, Y.-Y. Fan, P. Yang, R. A. Newman, et al. Reduced Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer in Fat-1 (n-3 Fatty Acid Desaturase) Transgenic Mice Cancer Res., May 15, 2008; 68(10): 3985 - 3991. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Vanamala, A. Glagolenko, P. Yang, R.J. Carroll, M.E. Murphy, R.A. Newman, J.R. Ford, L.A. Braby, R.S. Chapkin, N.D. Turner, et al. Dietary fish oil and pectin enhance colonocyte apoptosis in part through suppression of PPAR{delta}/PGE2 and elevation of PGE3 Carcinogenesis, April 1, 2008; 29(4): 790 - 796. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. D. Allred, D. R. Talbert, R. C. Southard, X. Wang, and M. W. Kilgore PPAR{gamma}1 as a Molecular Target of Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Human Colon Cancer (HT-29) Cells J. Nutr., February 1, 2008; 138(2): 250 - 256. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. S. N. Kolar, R. Barhoumi, E. S. Callaway, Y.-Y. Fan, N. Wang, J. R. Lupton, and R. S. Chapkin Synergy between docosahexaenoic acid and butyrate elicits p53-independent apoptosis via mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation in colonocytes Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, November 1, 2007; 293(5): G935 - G943. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. L Jackson, T. M Dreaden, L. K Theobald, N. M Tran, T. L Beal, M. Eid, M. Y. Gao, R. B Shirley, M. T Stoffel, M V. Kumar, et al. Pectin induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells: correlation of apoptotic function with pectin structure Glycobiology, August 1, 2007; 17(8): 805 - 819. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Bauer-Marinovic, S. Florian, K. Muller-Schmehl, H. Glatt, and G. Jacobasch Dietary resistant starch type 3 prevents tumor induction by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and alters proliferation, apoptosis and dedifferentiation in rat colon Carcinogenesis, September 1, 2006; 27(9): 1849 - 1859. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. E. Marin, M. A. Peraza, A. N. Billin, T. M. Willson, J. M. Ward, M. J. Kennett, F. J. Gonzalez, and J. M. Peters Ligand Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor {beta} Inhibits Colon Carcinogenesis. Cancer Res., April 15, 2006; 66(8): 4394 - 4401. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Y.A. Plate and D. D. Gallaher Effects of Indole-3-Carbinol and phenethyl isothiocyanate on colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane in rats Carcinogenesis, February 1, 2006; 27(2): 287 - 292. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Ng, R. Barhoumi, R. B. Tjalkens, Y.-Y. Fan, S. Kolar, N. Wang, J. R. Lupton, and R. S. Chapkin The role of docosahexaenoic acid in mediating mitochondrial membrane lipid oxidation and apoptosis in colonocytes Carcinogenesis, November 1, 2005; 26(11): 1914 - 1921. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G.-D. Zhou, N. Popovic, J. R. Lupton, N. D. Turner, R. S. Chapkin, and K. C. Donnelly Tissue-Specific Attenuation of Endogenous DNA I-Compounds in Rats by Carcinogen Azoxymethane: Possible Role of Dietary Fish Oil in Colon Cancer Prevention Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., May 1, 2005; 14(5): 1230 - 1235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. K. Le Leu, I. L. Brown, Y. Hu, A. R. Bird, M. Jackson, A. Esterman, and G. P. Young A Synbiotic Combination of Resistant Starch and Bifidobacterium lactis Facilitates Apoptotic Deletion of Carcinogen-Damaged Cells in Rat Colon J. Nutr., May 1, 2005; 135(5): 996 - 1001. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. A. Miller, T. O. Keku, J. A. Satia, C. F. Martin, J. A. Galanko, and R. S. Sandler Calcium, Vitamin D, and Apoptosis in the Rectal Epithelium Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., February 1, 2005; 14(2): 525 - 528. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. W.L. Ma, R. H. Finnell, L. A. Davidson, E. S. Callaway, O. Spiegelstein, J. A. Piedrahita, J. M. Salbaum, C. Kappen, B. R. Weeks, J. James, et al. Folate Transport Gene Inactivation in Mice Increases Sensitivity to Colon Carcinogenesis Cancer Res., February 1, 2005; 65(3): 887 - 897. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. M. Sanders, C. E. Henderson, M. Y. Hong, R. Barhoumi, R. C. Burghardt, N. Wang, C. M. Spinka, R. J. Carroll, N. D. Turner, R. S. Chapkin, et al. An Increase in Reactive Oxygen Species by Dietary Fish Oil Coupled with the Attenuation of Antioxidant Defenses by Dietary Pectin Enhances Rat Colonocyte Apoptosis J. Nutr., December 1, 2004; 134(12): 3233 - 3238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Lin, S. M. Zhang, N. R. Cook, I-M. Lee, and J. E. Buring Dietary Fat and Fatty Acids and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Women Am. J. Epidemiol., November 15, 2004; 160(10): 1011 - 1022. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Yu, N. R. Murray, C. Weems, L. Chen, H. Guo, R. Ethridge, J. D. Ceci, B. M. Evers, E. A. Thompson, and A. P. Fields Role of Cyclooxygenase 2 in Protein Kinase C beta II-mediated Colon Carcinogenesis J. Biol. Chem., March 21, 2003; 278(13): 11167 - 11174. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. E.M. Dommels, M. M.G. Haring, N. G.M. Keestra, G. M. Alink, P. J. van Bladeren, and B. van Ommen The role of cyclooxygenase in n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid mediated effects on cell proliferation, PGE2 synthesis and cytotoxicity in human colorectal carcinoma cell lines Carcinogenesis, March 1, 2003; 24(3): 385 - 392. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. A. Neese, L. M. Misell, S. Turner, A. Chu, J. Kim, D. Cesar, R. Hoh, F. Antelo, A. Strawford, J. M. McCune, et al. Measurement in vivo of proliferation rates of slow turnover cells by 2H2O labeling of the deoxyribose moiety of DNA PNAS, November 26, 2002; 99(24): 15345 - 15350. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Y. Hong, R. S. Chapkin, R. Barhoumi, R. C. Burghardt, N. D. Turner, C. E. Henderson, L. M. Sanders, Y.-Y. Fan, L. A. Davidson, M. E. Murphy, et al. Fish oil increases mitochondrial phospholipid unsaturation, upregulating reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in rat colonocytes Carcinogenesis, November 1, 2002; 23(11): 1919 - 1926. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. P. Femia, C. Luceri, P. Dolara, A. Giannini, A. Biggeri, M. Salvadori, Y. Clune, K. J. Collins, M. Paglierani, and G. Caderni Antitumorigenic activity of the prebiotic inulin enriched with oligofructose in combination with the probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium lactis on azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats Carcinogenesis, November 1, 2002; 23(11): 1953 - 1960. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. R. Murray, C. Weems, L. Chen, J. Leon, W. Yu, L. A. Davidson, L. Jamieson, R. S. Chapkin, E. A. Thompson, and A. P. Fields Protein kinase C {beta}II and TGF{beta}RII in {omega}-3 fatty acid-mediated inhibition of colon carcinogenesis J. Cell Biol., June 10, 2002; 157(6): 915 - 920. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R.K. Le Leu, Y. Hu, and G.P. Young Effects of resistant starch and nonstarch polysaccharides on colonic luminal environment and genotoxin-induced apoptosis in the rat Carcinogenesis, May 1, 2002; 23(5): 713 - 719. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P Latham, E K Lund, J C Brown, and I T Johnson Effects of cellular redox balance on induction of apoptosis by eicosapentaenoic acid in HT29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and rat colon in vivo Gut, July 1, 2001; 49(1): 97 - 105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. D. Collett, L. A. Davidson, Y.-Y. Fan, J. R. Lupton, and R. S. Chapkin n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids differentially modulate oncogenic Ras activation in colonocytes Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, May 1, 2001; 280(5): C1066 - C1075. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Caderni, C. Luceri, C. De Filippo, M. Salvadori, A. Giannini, L. Tessitore, and P. Dolara Slow-release pellets of sodium butyrate do not modify azoxymethane (AOM)-induced intestinal carcinogenesis in F344 rats Carcinogenesis, March 1, 2001; 22(3): 525 - 527. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Gökmen-Polar, N. R. Murray, M. A. Velasco, Z. Gatalica, and A. P. Fields Elevated Protein Kinase C {beta}II Is an Early Promotive Event in Colon Carcinogenesis Cancer Res., February 1, 2001; 61(4): 1375 - 1381. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Caderni, C. De Filippo, C. Luceri, M. Salvadori, A. Giannini, A. Biggeri, S. Remy, V. Cheynier, and P. Dolara Effects of black tea, green tea and wine extracts on intestinal carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane in F344 rats Carcinogenesis, November 1, 2000; 21(11): 1965 - 1969. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Y. Hong, J. R. Lupton, J. S. Morris, N. Wang, R. J. Carroll, L. A. Davidson, R. H. Elder, and R. S. Chapkin Dietary Fish Oil Reduces O6-Methylguanine DNA Adduct Levels in Rat Colon in Part by Increasing Apoptosis during Tumor Initiation Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., August 1, 2000; 9(8): 819 - 826. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. A. Davidson, R. E. Brown, W.-C. L. Chang, J. S. Morris, N. Wang, R. J. Carroll, N. D. Turner, J. R. Lupton, and R. S. Chapkin Morphodensitometric analysis of protein kinase C {beta}II expression in rat colon: modulation by diet and relation to in situ cell proliferation and apoptosis Carcinogenesis, August 1, 2000; 21(8): 1513 - 1519. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Jenab and L. U. Thompson Phytic acid in wheat bran affects colon morphology, cell differentiation and apoptosis Carcinogenesis, August 1, 2000; 21(8): 1547 - 1552. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Wenzel, S. Kuntz, M. D. Brendel, and H. Daniel Dietary Flavone Is a Potent Apoptosis Inducer in Human Colon Carcinoma Cells Cancer Res., July 1, 2000; 60(14): 3823 - 3831. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Mutanen, A.-M. Pajari, and S. I. Oikarinen Beef induces and rye bran prevents the formation of intestinal polyps in ApcMin mice: relation to {beta}-catenin and PKC isozymes Carcinogenesis, June 1, 2000; 21(6): 1167 - 1173. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. H. Augenlicht, G. M. Anthony, T. L. Church, W. Edelmann, R. Kucherlapati, K. Yang, M. Lipkin, and B. G. Heerdt Short-Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism, Apoptosis, and Apc-initiated Tumorigenesis in the Mouse Gastrointestinal Mucosa Cancer Res., December 1, 1999; 59(23): 6005 - 6009. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Rijken, W. G. Timmer, A. J. van de Kooij, I. M. van Benschop, S. A. Wiseman, M. Meijers, and L. B.M. Tijburg Effect of vegetable and carotenoid consumption on aberrant crypt multiplicity, a surrogate end-point marker for colorectal cancer in azoxymethane-induced rats Carcinogenesis, December 1, 1999; 20(12): 2267 - 2272. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. O. Whiteley Colonic Mucosal Aberrant Crypt Foci: Are They Useful Intermediate Endpoints for Predicting and Understanding the Development of Colonic Mucosal Neoplasia? Toxicol Pathol, November 1, 1999; 27(6): 643 - 644. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Y. Hong, R. S. Chapkin, C. P. Wild, J. S. Morris, N. Wang, R. J. Carroll, N. D. Turner, and J. R. Lupton Relationship between DNA Adduct Levels, Repair Enzyme, and Apoptosis as a Function of DNA Methylation by Azoxymethane Cell Growth Differ., November 1, 1999; 10(11): 749 - 758. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. H. Augenlicht and M. M. Bertagnolli Correspondence re: N. N. Mahmoud et al., Genotype-Phenotype Correlation in Murine Apc Mutation: Differences in Enterocyte Migration and Response to Sulindac. Cancer Res., 59: 353-359, 1999. Cancer Res., November 1, 1999; 59(22): 5856 - 5857. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. R. Holt Dairy Foods and Prevention of Colon Cancer: Human Studies J. Am. Coll. Nutr., October 1, 1999; 18(90005): 379S - 391. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. W. Compher, W. L. Frankel, J. Tazelaar, J. A. Lawson, S. McKinney, S. Segall, B. P. Kinosian, N. N. Williams, and J. L. Rombeau Wheat Bran Decreases Aberrant Crypt Foci, Preserves Normal Proliferation, and Increases Intraluminal Butyrate Levels in Experimental Colon Cancer JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, September 1, 1999; 23(5): 269 - 278. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-Y. Fan, J. Zhang, R. Barhoumi, R. C. Burghardt, N. D. Turner, J. R. Lupton, and R. S. Chapkin Antagonism of CD95 signaling blocks butyrate induction of apoptosis in young adult mouse colonic cells Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, August 1, 1999; 277(2): C310 - C319. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. R. Murray, L. A. Davidson, R. S. Chapkin, W. Clay Gustafson, D. G. Schattenberg, and A. P. Fields Overexpression of Protein Kinase C {beta}II Induces Colonic Hyperproliferation and Increased Sensitivity to Colon Carcinogenesis J. Cell Biol., May 17, 1999; 145(4): 699 - 711. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. A. Davidson, J. R. Lupton, Y.-H. Jiang, and R. S. Chapkin Carcinogen and dietary lipid regulate ras expression and localization in rat colon without affecting farnesylation kinetics Carcinogenesis, May 1, 1999; 20(5): 785 - 791. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Bernstein, H. Bernstein, H. Garewal, P. Dinning, R. Jabi, R. E. Sampliner, M. K. McCuskey, M. Panda, D. J. Roe, L. L'Heureux, et al. A Bile Acid-induced Apoptosis Assay for Colon Cancer Risk and Associated Quality Control Studies Cancer Res., May 1, 1999; 59(10): 2353 - 2357. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Latham, E. K. Lund, and I. T. Johnson Dietary n-3 PUFA increases the apoptotic response to 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, reduces mitosis and suppresses the induction of carcinogenesis in the rat colon Carcinogenesis, April 1, 1999; 20(4): 645 - 650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Caderni, D. Palli, L. Lancioni, A. Russo, C. Luceri, C. Saieva, G. Trallori, L. Manneschi, F. Renai, S. Zacchi, et al. Dietary Determinants of Colorectal Proliferation in the Normal Mucosa of Subjects with Previous Colon Adenomas Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., March 1, 1999; 8(3): 219 - 225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Moore, H. Tsuda, S. Tamano, A. Hagiwara, K. Imaida, T. Shirai, and N. Ito Commentary: Marriage of a Medium-Term Liver Model to Surrogate Markers--A Practical Approach for Risk and Benefit Assessment Toxicol Pathol, March 1, 1999; 27(2): 237 - 242. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Zhang, G. Wu, R. S. Chapkin, and J. R. Lupton Energy Metabolism of Rat Colonocytes Changes during the Tumorigenic Process and Is Dependent on Diet and Carcinogen J. Nutr., August 1, 1998; 128(8): 1262 - 1269. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. E. Soyars and J. G. Fischer Iron Supplementation Does Not Affect Cell Proliferation or Aberrant Crypt Foci Development in the Colon of Sprague-Dawley Rats J. Nutr., April 1, 1998; 128(4): 764 - 770. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W.-C. L. Chang, R. S. Chapkin, and J. R. Lupton Fish Oil Blocks Azoxymethane-Induced Rat Colon Tumorigenesis by Increasing Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis Rather Than Decreasing Cell Proliferation J. Nutr., March 1, 1998; 128(3): 491 - 497. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-H. Jiang, J. R. Lupton, and R. S. Chapkin Dietary Fat and Fiber Modulate the Effect of Carcinogen on Colonic Protein Kinase C lambda Expression in Rats J. Nutr., October 1, 1997; 127(10): 1938 - 1943. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|