Carcinogenesis, Vol 18, 1337-1342, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
M Takahashi, M Fukutake, T Isoi, K Fukuda, H Sato, K Yazawa, T Sugimura and K Wakabayashi
The effects of intragastric gavage administration of docosahexaenoic acid
(DNA) , a major component of fish oil, on azoxymethane (AOM)- induced colon
carcinogenesis in rats was investigated. Male F344 rats were treated with
15 mg/kg body wt of AOM once a week, for two weeks. The animals were given
either 1 ml of DHA or water intragastrically 5 times a week, starting the
day before the first carcinogen treatment. The numbers of AOM-induced
aberrant crypt foci in the rats given DHA were 76% and 62% of the control
values, at 4 and 12 weeks, respectively. After 36 weeks of DHA treatment,
colon tumors were counted and examined histologically. The blood plasma
levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and polyunsaturated fatty acids were also
quantified. The incidences of colon cancer did not differ, being 96% and
92% in the AOM and AOM+DHA groups, respectively. Colon cancer multiplicity
was, however, significantly decreased by the DHA treatment; 3.65 +/- 2.18
in the AOM group and 2.41 +/- 1.58 in the AOM+DHA group (P <0.01).
Notably, the numbers of moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas in the
middle and distal colon in the DHA-treated group were lower than in the AOM
group. The levels of PGE2 and arachidonic acid in the blood plasma of
DHA-treated rats were also significantly lower than in the AOM group. These
results suggest that DHA exerts its inhibitory effect on colon
carcinogenesis by modulating lipid metabolism and inhibiting the
arachidonic cascade.
ARTICLES
Suppression of azoxymethane-induced rat colon carcinoma development by a fish oil component, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
Cancer Prevention Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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