Carcinogenesis, Vol 18, 1351-1354, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
MR Welfare, J Cooper, MF Bassendine and AK Daly
Some previous studies have suggested that the fast phenotype of the N-
acetyltransferase NAT2 may confer susceptibility to colorectal cancer
because of greater activation of dietary heterocyclic amines, particularly
in individuals who also consume well-done red meat, but other studies have
not supported this. We describe a large case-control study examining the
interaction between dietary, smoking and drinking habits, and acetylation
genotype in relation to susceptibility to colorectal cancer.
One-hundred-and-seventy-four incident cases and 174 matched controls were
recruited. Genotyping for polymorphisms in NAT2 was performed using a
method that detects >95% of slow alleles and data on personal habits
were collected using a standardized questionnaire. We found no difference
in the frequency of the fast acetylator genotype between cases and controls
[odds ratio = 0.95 (95% CI 0.61-1.49)], and analysis by sex, age and site
also revealed no difference in acetylator genotype. There was, however,
considerable heterogeneity in dietary risk factors between fast and slow
acetylators. Analysis by acetylator type shows that recent smoking was more
frequent in slow acetylator cases than matched controls [OR = 2.31
(1.16-4.6)] and that heavy alcohol consumption was also more frequent in
the slow acetylator cases than controls [OR = 2.5 (1.02-7.29)]. In
contrast, frequent fried meat intake was seen more frequently in fast
acetylator cases than matched controls [OR = 6.0 (1.34-55)]. The odds ratio
for the combination of fast acetylator status and frequent fried meat
consumption in cases was 6.04 (1.6-26). Our study suggests that there may
be different risk factors for colorectal cancer in slow and fast
acetylators, and reveals a new observation that slow acetylators may be at
risk of colon cancer from smoking. In our community, the overall effect of
acetylator status on colorectal cancer risk is neutral.
ARTICLES
Relationship between acetylator status, smoking, and diet and colorectal cancer risk in the north-east of England
Department of Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
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