Carcinogenesis, Vol 19, 287-290, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
CV Rao, HL Newmark and BS Reddy
Epidemiologic and laboratory studies suggest a cancer protective effect
and/or lack of a tumor promoting effect by dietary olive oil as compared
with other types of non-marine oils. Squalene, a constituent of olive oil,
and a key intermediate in cholesterol synthesis may be regarded as
partially responsible for the beneficial effects of olive oil, which
include decreased mortality rates among populations with high olive oil
consumption. Thus, in this study we have assessed the chemopreventive
efficacy of squalene on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic aberrant crypt
foci (ACF). In addition, we measured the effect of squalene on serum
cholesterol levels in the rats. Male F34 rats (5 weeks old) were fed the
control diet (modified AIN-76A) or experimental diets containing 1%
squalene or 320 p.p.m. sulindac. Two weeks later, all animals except those
in vehicle (normal saline)-treated groups were s.c. injected with AOM (15
mg/kg body wt, once weekly for 2 weeks). At 16 weeks of age, all rats were
killed, colons were evaluated for ACF and serum was assayed for the
cholesterol levels. As expected, dietary administration of sulindac
suppressed ACF development and reduced crypt multiplicity, i.e. number of
aberrant crypts/focus. Administration of dietary squalene inhibited total
ACF induction and crypt multiplicity by approximately >46% (P <
0.001). Further, squalene at a level of 1% did not show any significant
effect on serum cholesterol levels. Our finding that squalene significantly
suppresses colonic ACF formation and crypt multiplicity strengthens the
hypothesis that squalene possesses chemopreventive activity against colon
carcinogenesis.
ARTICLES
Chemopreventive effect of squalene on colon cancer
Division of Nutritional Carcinogenesis, American Health Foundation, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA. anshacvr@ix.netcom.com
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