Carcinogenesis, Vol 19, 1217-1222, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
I Rusyn, H Tsukamoto and RG Thurman
Stimulation of cell proliferation caused by peroxisome proliferators was
blocked by antibodies against TNF alpha and agents that inactivate Kupffer
cells, a rich source of TNF alpha, which supports the hypothesis that
Kupffer cells play a pivotal role in peroxisome proliferator-induced
hyperplasia. Here, the ability of the very potent peroxisome proliferator
WY-14 643 to activate the transcription factor NF-kappaB in rat liver was
examined since it is involved in TNF alpha production. Female
Sprague-Dawley rats were treated by gavage with WY- 14 643 (100 mg/kg)
while control animals were given equivalent doses of vehicle (olive oil).
Activation of NF-kappaB in both whole liver, non- parenchymal cells,
Kupffer cells and hepatocytes was assessed for up to 36 h using an
electrophoretic mobility shift assay. In whole liver, WY- 14 643
transiently increased NF-kappaB binding maximally 3.5-fold in 2- 8 h
followed by a steady decline to near control levels at 36 h. As early as 2
h after WY-14 643 treatment, the active form of NF-kappaB was localized
predominantly in Kupffer cells with values 20- to 25- times greater than in
hepatocytes. In hepatocytes, a small increase in NF-kappaB binding was
observed but only 8 h after WY-14 643 administration. Pre-treatment with
allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor and free radical scavenger,
suppressed NF-kappaB activation by WY-14 643 almost completely. It is
concluded that NF-kappaB is activated by reactive oxygen species and plays
a central role in the mechanism of action of peroxisome proliferators.
Moreover, these findings support the hypothesis that Kupffer cells play a
pivotal role in peroxisome proliferator-induced hepatocyte proliferation
through rapid NF-kappaB activation and subsequent induction of TNF alpha
production. TNF alpha from Kupffer cells stimulates growth in parenchymal
cells later via mechanisms that also involve NF-kappaB.
ARTICLES
WY-14 643 rapidly activates nuclear factor kappaB in Kupffer cells before hepatocytes
Laboratory of Hepatobiology and Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-7365, USA.
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