Carcinogenesis, Vol 19, 1333-1337, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
NS Waleh, J Calaoagan, BJ Murphy, AM Knapp, RM Sutherland and KR Laderoute
Transient transfection studies of human HepG2 and mouse Hepa
hepatocarcinoma cells with a reporter gene construct regulated by a human
antioxidant responsive element (ARE) from the NQO1 gene demonstrated that
the element is responsive to low oxygen conditions. The antioxidant
N-acetyl L-cysteine (NAC) strongly inhibited basal aerobic reporter gene
activity in HepG2 cells without obviously affecting the hypoxic induction,
as is consistent with ARE sensitivity to oxidative stress in aerobic
cultures. Electrophoretic mobility shift (EMS) assays of nuclear extracts
of HepG2 and Hepa cells lysed under aerobic or hypoxic conditions or after
exposure to the phenolic compound 3-(2)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA),
showed specific and constitutive protein binding to the ARE under all of
these conditions. Taken together, these findings show that the ARE can
mediate gene expression in response to low oxygen conditions. Co-ordinately
regulated expression of ARE-dependent genes, such as phase II
detoxification enzymes, may be an important phenotype of solid tumors
containing significant regions of pathophysiological hypoxia.
ARTICLES
The redox-sensitive human antioxidant responsive element induces gene expression under low oxygen conditions
Pharmaceutical Discovery Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA. nahid_waleh@qm.sri.com
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