Carcinogenesis, Vol 19, 1353-1356, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
AM Malkinson, KM Koski, LD Dwyer-Nield, PL Rice, N Rioux, A Castonguay, DJ Ahnen, H Thompson, R Pamukcu and GA Piazza
The sulfone derivative of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID),
sulindac, has been reported to inhibit mammary and colon tumor formation in
rodent models of chemically-induced carcinogenesis. Unlike its parent
compound, this metabolite lacks cyclo-oxygenase inhibitory activity. A
tumor induction protocol, consisting of NNK administration in the drinking
water over several weeks to model chronic human exposure, was used to test
whether the sulfone (called FGN-1) could inhibit the formation of primary
lung tumors in mice. A total of 150 female, AIN76A-fed, A/J mice received 9
mg of NNK each. Concentrations of FGN-1 that had been previously determined
not to affect body weight gain were added to the food at levels of 0, 250,
500 and 750 mg/kg of diet (30 mice/group) starting 2 weeks before NNK
administration and continuing for 22 weeks. At that time pleural surface
tumors were counted. Tumor incidence decreased significantly from 96 % in
the control diet and 93% in the 250 FGN-1 mg/kg diet to 63 and 67% in the
500 and 750 mg FGN-1/kg diet groups, respectively (P < 0.001 by chi-
square analysis). Lung tumor multiplicity decreased from 18.1+/-3 tumors/
mouse (mean+/-SEM, control diet) to 12.3+/-3 (250), 5.3+/-1 (500) and
2.1+/-1 (750) (P < 0.0005 by post hoc ANOVA). In previous studies using
this carcinogenesis protocol, the maximum tolerated dose of sulindac
inhibited lung tumor multiplicity by no more than 50% with no effect on
incidence. This dose-dependent reduction in tumorigenesis by a non-toxic
dose of FGN-1 indicates a strong chemopreventive activity against
experimental induction of lung carcinogenesis. The greater potency of the
sulfone over sulindac and its lack of toxic side effects because of its
inability to affect cyclo-oxygenase activity suggests that clinical testing
in individuals at high risk for lung cancer should be considered.
ARTICLES
Inhibition of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced mouse lung tumor formation by FGN-1 (sulindac sulfone)
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA. al.malkinson@uchsc.edu
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