Carcinogenesis, Vol 19, 1383-1387, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
A Yokoyama, T Muramatsu, T Ohmori, T Yokoyama, K Okuyama, H Takahashi, Y Hasegawa, S Higuchi, K Maruyama, K Shirakura and H Ishii
Aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) eliminates most of the acetaldehyde
produced during alcohol metabolism. In some drinkers, a mutant ALDH2 allele
contributes to diminished activity of the enzyme, dramatically increasing
the risk for esophageal cancer. This study was designed to evaluate the
ALDH2 gene polymorphism as a predictor of the development of cancers
prevalent in Japanese alcoholics. We performed ALDH2 genotyping on
lymphocyte DNA samples from Japanese alcoholic men (487 cancer-free; 237
with cancer, including 34 oropharyngolaryngeal, 87 esophageal, 58 stomach,
46 colon, 18 liver, 7 lung, 9 other sites, and 19 multiple primary cancers
in two or three organs). The frequencies of the mutant ALDH2*2 allele were
significantly higher in alcoholics with oropharyngolaryngeal (52.9%),
esophageal (52.9%), stomach (22.4%), colon (21.7%) and esophageal cancer
concomitant with oropharyngolaryngeal and/or stomach cancer (78.6%), than
in cancer-free alcoholics (9.0%). After adjustment for age, daily alcohol
consumption and amount of cigarette smoking, significantly increased risks
(odds ratios) in the presence of the ALDH2 *2 allele were found for
oropharyngolaryngeal (11.14), esophageal (12.50), stomach (3.49), colon
(3.35), lung (8.20) and esophageal cancer concomitant with
oropharyngolaryngeal and/or stomach cancer (54.20) but not for liver or
other cancers. These results suggest a general role of acetaldehyde, a
recognized animal carcinogen, in the development of human cancers.
ARTICLES
Alcohol-related cancers and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 in Japanese alcoholics
National Institute on Alcoholism, Kurihama National Hospital, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan.
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