Carcinogenesis, Vol. 22, No. 1, 35-41,
January 2001
© 2001 Oxford University Press
CANCER BIOLOGY |
Activation and role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in deoxycholic acid-induced apoptosis
Arizona Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
The bile acid deoxycholic acid (DCA) is a known tumor promoter and it has been suggested that DCA-induced apoptosis plays an important role in colon tumor development. In this study we have characterized the capacity of DCA to stimulate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and examined the effect that MAPK activity had on DCA-induced apoptosis. Analysis of MAPK activity in DCA-treated HCT116 cells using phosphorylation-specific antibodies and in vitro kinase assays indicated that both the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 MAPK (p38), but not the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), were activated. Using pharmacological inhibitors we determined that only ERK could influence DCA cytotoxicity and that elevated ERK activity could suppress DCA-induced apoptosis. This observation was confirmed genetically. Suppressing ERK activity by overexpressing a dominant negative form of the ERK MAP kinase resulted in increased sensitivity to DCA-induced apoptosis whereas elevated ERK activity artificially produced by overexpression of the wild-type ERK kinase blunted DCA-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our results suggest that DCA can stimulate pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways and that sensitivity to DCA-induced apoptosis can be modulated by the ERK MAP kinase.
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