Carcinogenesis, Vol. 22, No. 9, 1521-1526,
September 2001
© 2001 Oxford University Press
CARCINOGENESIS |
Quantitation of androgen receptor gene expression in sporadic breast tumors by real-time RT–PCR: evidence that MYC is an AR-regulated gene
1 Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire–UPRES JE 2195, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université René Descartes–Paris V, Paris and
2 Laboratoire d'Oncogénétique–INSERM E0017, Centre René Huguenin, St-Cloud, France
Little is known of the function and clinical significance of the androgen receptor (AR) in human breast cancer. Paradoxically, synthetic progestins, such as medroxyprogesterone acetate, are used for second line hormone therapy of breast cancer following tamoxifen failure. A sensitive and accurate assay for AR expression in breast tumors is thus required. Here we have developed and validated a real-time RT–PCR assay to quantify AR gene expression at the mRNA level in a series of 131 patients with unilateral invasive primary breast tumors. AR expression varied widely in tumor tissues (by at least 3 orders of magnitude), being underexpressed in 24/131 (18.3%) and overexpressed in 45/131 (34.4%) relative to normal breast tissues. We observed links (or trends) between AR status and age, menopausal status, Scarff–Bloom–Richardson histopathological grade, lymph node status and estrogen receptor 
and progesterone receptor status. High AR mRNA levels were negatively linked to MYC gene overexpression (P = 8x10–6), confirming previous in vitro studies. Our results also suggest a role of the ARA70 gene (which encodes a major AR co-activator) in the AR pathway dysregulation observed in breast cancer. This simple, rapid and semi-automated method will be useful for screening cancer patients for altered AR expression and for predicting the response to androgen therapy in AR-related cancer patients.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  J. S. Koo, W. Jung, and J. Jeong The Predictive Role of E-cadherin and Androgen Receptor on In Vitro Chemosensitivity in Triple-negative Breast Cancer Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol., September 1, 2009; 39(9): 560 - 568. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. A. Ariazi, A. Leitao, T. I. Oprea, B. Chen, T. Louis, A. M. Bertucci, C. G.N. Sharma, S. D. Gill, H. R. Kim, H. A. Shupp, et al. Exemestane's 17-hydroxylated metabolite exerts biological effects as an androgen Mol. Cancer Ther., November 1, 2007; 6(11): 2817 - 2827. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Raghavachari, X. Xu, A. Harris, J. Villagra, C. Logun, J. Barb, M. A. Solomon, A. F. Suffredini, R. L. Danner, G. Kato, et al. Amplified Expression Profiling of Platelet Transcriptome Reveals Changes in Arginine Metabolic Pathways in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease Circulation, March 27, 2007; 115(12): 1551 - 1562. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Delfour, P. Roger, C. Bret, M.-L. Berthe, P. Rochaix, N. Kalfa, P. Raynaud, F. Bibeau, T. Maudelonde, and N. Boulle RCL2, a New Fixative, Preserves Morphology and Nucleic Acid Integrity in Paraffin-Embedded Breast Carcinoma and Microdissected Breast Tumor Cells J. Mol. Diagn., May 1, 2006; 8(2): 157 - 169. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. S. Huggins, J. Y.Y. Wong, S. E. Hankinson, and I. De Vivo GATA5 Activation of the Progesterone Receptor Gene Promoter in Breast Cancer Cells Is Influenced by the +331G/A Polymorphism Cancer Res., February 1, 2006; 66(3): 1384 - 1390. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Zhang, X. Yi, X. Sun, N. Yin, B. Shi, H. Wu, D. Wang, G. Wu, and Y. Shang Differential gene regulation by the SRC family of coactivators Genes & Dev., July 15, 2004; 18(14): 1753 - 1765. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Chang, Y.-T. Chen, S.-D. Yeh, Q. Xu, R.-S. Wang, F. Guillou, H. Lardy, and S. Yeh Infertility with defective spermatogenesis and hypotestosteronemia in male mice lacking the androgen receptor in Sertoli cells PNAS, May 4, 2004; 101(18): 6876 - 6881. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Yu, A. Astrinidis, S. Howard, and E. P. Henske Estradiol and tamoxifen stimulate LAM-associated angiomyolipoma cell growth and activate both genomic and nongenomic signaling pathways Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, April 1, 2004; 286(4): L694 - L700. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Yeh, Y.-C. Hu, P.-H. Wang, C. Xie, Q. Xu, M.-Y. Tsai, Z. Dong, R.-S. Wang, T.-H. Lee, and C. Chang Abnormal Mammary Gland Development and Growth Retardation in Female Mice and MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells Lacking Androgen Receptor J. Exp. Med., December 15, 2003; 198(12): 1899 - 1908. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Yang, C.-M. Chen, P. Yan, T. H-M. Huang, H. Shi, M. Burger, I. Nimmrich, S. Maier, K. Berlin, and C. W. Caldwell The Androgen Receptor Gene is Preferentially Hypermethylated in Follicular Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas Clin. Cancer Res., September 15, 2003; 9(11): 4034 - 4042. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. J. Mulholland, H. Cheng, K. Reid, P. S. Rennie, and C. C. Nelson The Androgen Receptor Can Promote beta -Catenin Nuclear Translocation Independently of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli J. Biol. Chem., May 10, 2002; 277(20): 17933 - 17943. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|