Carcinogenesis Advance Access originally published online on August 5, 2004
Carcinogenesis 2004 25(11):2275-2281; doi:10.1093/carcin/bgh243
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Carcinogenesis vol.25 no.11 © Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved.
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Tobacco smoke induces CYP1B1 in the aerodigestive tract
1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 2 Department of Medicine and 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA, 4 DCP, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, 5 Health Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA and 6 Strang Cancer Prevention Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
7 To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, Room F-206, New York, NY 10021, USA. Email: ajdannen{at}med.cornell.edu
Several members of the P450 family, including cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1), can convert tobacco smoke (TS) procarcinogens, including benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), to carcinogenic intermediates. In this study we investigated the effects of TS condensate and B[a]P on the expression of CYP1B1 in vitro and in vivo. CYP1B1 mRNA and protein were induced by both TS condensate and B[a]P in cell lines derived from the human aerodigestive tract. Treatment with TS condensate stimulated binding of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) to an oligonucleotide containing a canonical xenobiotic response element (XRE) site and induced XRE–luciferase activity. These findings are consistent with prior evidence that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, known ligands of the AhR, stimulate CYP1B1 transcription by an XRE-dependent mechanism. To determine whether these in vitro findings applied in vivo, both murine and human studies were carried out. Short-term exposure to TS induced CYP1B1 in the tongue, esophagus, lung and colon of experimental mice. In contrast, CYP1B1 was not induced by TS in the aorta of these mice. Levels of CYP1B1 mRNA were also elevated in the bronchial mucosa of human tobacco smokers versus never smokers (P < 0.05). Taken together, these results support a role for CYP1B1 in TS-induced carcinogenesis in the aerodigestive tract.
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