Carcinogenesis Advance Access originally published online on October 24, 2003
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Carcinogenesis, Vol. 25, No. 4, 493-497,
April 2004
Carcinogenesis vol.25 no.4 © Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved.
CANCER BIOLOGY |
Effect of arsenic on benzo[a]pyrene DNA adduct levels in mouse skin and lung
1 University of Cincinnati, Department of Environmental Health, 3223 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, 2 NIRS, EPHB, DART, NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998 and 3 University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 137 McMicken, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0037, USA
Concomitant exposures to arsenic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are widespread. While BaP acts by binding to and inducing mutations in critical sites on DNA, the mechanism(s) of arsenic carcinogenesis remains unknown. Data from epidemiological studies of arsenic copper smelter workers and arsenic ingestion in drinking water suggest a positive interaction for arsenic exposure and smoking and lung cancer. A previous in vitro study showed that arsenic potentiated the formation of DNA adducts at low doses of BaP and arsenic. The present study was conducted to test the effect of arsenic on BaP–DNA adduct formation in vivo. We hypothesized that arsenic co-treatment would significantly increase BaP adduct levels in C57BL/6 mouse target organs: skin and lung. Treatment groups were: five mice, -BaP/-arsenic; five mice, -BaP/+arsenic; 15 mice, +BaP/-arsenic; 15 mice, +BaP/+arsenic. Mice in the appropriate groups were provided sodium arsenite in drinking water (2.1 mg/l), ad libitum, for 13 days (starting 9 days before BaP treatment), and 200 nmol BaP/25 ml acetone (or acetone alone) was applied topically, once per day for 4 days. DNA was extracted from skin and lung and assayed by 32P-postlabeling. Statistical comparisons were made using independent t-tests (unequal variances assumed). BaP–DNA adduct levels in the +BaP groups were significantly higher than -BaP controls. Arsenic co-treatment increased average BaP adduct levels in both lung and skin; the increase was statistically significant in the lung (P = 0.038). BaP adduct levels in the skin of individual animals were positively related to skin arsenic concentrations. These results corroborate our in vitro findings and provide a tentative explanation for arsenic and PAH interactions in lung carcinogenesis.
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