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Carcinogenesis Advance Access originally published online on July 20, 2005
Carcinogenesis 2005 26(12):2058-2068; doi:10.1093/carcin/bgi182
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Carcinogenesis Vol.26 no.12 © Oxford University Press 2005; all rights reserved.

The chemokine GRO-{alpha} (CXCL1) confers increased tumorigenicity to glioma cells

Yan Zhou 1, 2, Jing Zhang 1, 2, Qiang Liu 3, Robert Bell 2, Daniel A. Muruve 4, Peter Forsyth 1, 2, Mayi Arcellana-Panlilio 3, Stephen Robbins 1, 3 and V.Wee Yong 1, 2, *

1 Department of Oncology, 2 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, 3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and 4 Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada

* To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Oncology and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada. Tel: +403 220 3544; Fax: +403 283 8731; E-mail: vyong{at}ucalgary.ca

The chemokine GRO-{alpha} (CXCL1) has been found to mediate the proliferation of glia progenitor cells during neural development. As malignant gliomas are thought to arise from glia progenitors or their differentiated counterparts, astrocytes or oligodendrocytes, we have investigated whether GRO-{alpha} regulates the tumor characteristics of glioma cells. We found first that resected glioma specimens were strongly immunoreactive for GRO-{alpha} expression in cells with the morphology of tumor cells. In culture, the U251 glioma line transfected to overexpress GRO-{alpha} had elevated levels of motility and invasiveness. GRO-{alpha} transfectants increased their expression of several proteins associated with migratory behavior, including matrix metalloproteinase-2, ß1-integrin and SPARC. The implantation of GRO-{alpha} glioma clones into the brain of nude mice caused the early demise of mice and this was associated with the formation of larger intracerebral tumors when compared with mice implanted with vector control lines. These results implicate GRO-{alpha} in gliomas and suggest that the dysregulation of a glia proliferative factor contributes to tumorigenesis. Targeting GRO-{alpha} may be a useful therapeutic tool to control brain tumor biology.


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