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Carcinogenesis Advance Access originally published online on February 12, 2006
Carcinogenesis 2006 27(6):1153-1159; doi:10.1093/carcin/bgi354
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© 2006 The Author(s)

Loss of heterozygosity in human aberrant crypt foci (ACF), a putative precursor of colon cancer

Liping Luo, Gong-Qing Shen 1, Karen A. Stiffler, Qing K. Wang 1, Thomas G. Pretlow and Theresa P. Pretlow *

Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and 1 Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, 2085 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Tel: +1 216 368 8702; Fax: +1 216 368 0495; Email: theresa.pretlow{at}case.edu

Aberrant crypt foci (ACF), the earliest neoplastic lesions of the colon, have genetic and epigenetic alterations. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of tumor suppressor gene loci is seen in most colon cancers, but it is not known how early in tumorigenesis this takes place. Nine microsatellite markers close to specific genes, that is, APC (5q21), PTPRJ (11p11), p53 (17p13) and DCC (18q21), were analyzed in 32 ACF and samples of normal crypts from the same 28 patients. Six losses of heterozygosity were found in 5 of 32 ACF: 4 losses of heterozygosity were at 11p11, the location of the gene for protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type J (PTPRJ) and of a second independent region of deletion; the others were at 5q21 and 18q21. Microsatellite instability (MSI) with markers for a single locus was found in 4 of 32 ACF. All the observed allelic alterations (LOH and MSI) were in 8 of 32 ACF. The finding of LOH in ACF with normal expressions of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and beta-catenin proteins suggests that LOH can occur very early in colon neoplasia and perhaps even before APC mutations. The finding of 3 of 4 of the losses of heterozygosity at 11p11 for PTPRJ and half of all the losses of heterozygosity in this study at PTPRJ suggest that this gene plays a role early in colon neoplasia.


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