Carcinogenesis Advance Access originally published online on June 29, 2007
Carcinogenesis 2007 28(8):1800-1806; doi:10.1093/carcin/bgm145
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Impact of multiple genetic polymorphisms on effects of a 4-week blueberry juice intervention on ex vivo induced lymphocytic DNA damage in human volunteers
Department of Health Risk Analysis and Toxicology
1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
2 RIKILT—Institute of Food Safety, PO Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen University and Research Centre, The Netherlands
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +31 43 388 1097; Fax: +31 43 388 4146; Email: l.Wilms{at}grat.unimaas.nl
Consumption of fruits and vegetables has been associated with a decrease in cancer incidence and cardiovascular disease, presumably caused by antioxidants. We designed a human intervention study to assess antioxidative and possible anti-genotoxic properties of fruit-borne antioxidants. We hypothesized that individuals bearing genetic polymorphisms for genes related to quercetin metabolism, benzo[a]pyrene metabolism, oxidative stress and DNA repair differ in their response to DNA protective effects of increased antioxidant intake. In the present study, 168 healthy volunteers consumed a blueberry/apple juice that provided 97 mg quercetin and 16 mg ascorbic acid a day. After a 4-week intervention period, plasma concentrations of quercetin and ascorbic acid and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) were significantly increased. Further, we found 20% protection (P < 0.01) against ex vivo H2O2-provoked oxidative DNA damage, measured by comet assay. However, the level of ex vivo induced benzo[a]pyrene-diol-epoxide (BPDE)-DNA adducts was 28% increased upon intervention (P < 0.01). Statistical analysis of 34 biologically relevant genetic polymorphisms revealed that six significantly influenced the outcome of the intervention. Lymphocytes from individuals bearing variant genotype for Cyp1B1*5 seemed to benefit more than wild-types from DNA damage-protecting effects upon intervention. Variants for COMT tended to benefit less or even experienced detrimental effects from intervention. With respect to GSTT1, the effect is ambiguous; variants respond better in terms of intervention-related increase in TEAC, but wild-types benefit more from its protecting effects against oxidative DNA damage. We conclude that genotyping for relevant polymorphisms enables selecting subgroups among the general population that benefit more of DNA damage-modulating effects of micronutrients.
Abbreviations: B[a]P, benzo[a]pyrene; BPDE, benzo[a]pyrene-diol-epoxide; COMT1, catechol O-methyltransferase 1; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism; TEAC, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity
Received February 1, 2007; revised May 30, 2007; accepted June 13, 2007.
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