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Carcinogenesis Advance Access originally published online on August 9, 2008
Carcinogenesis 2008 29(10):2035-2043; doi:10.1093/carcin/bgn188
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
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RAGE, carboxylated glycans and S100A8/A9 play essential roles in colitis-associated carcinogenesis

Olga Turovskaya, Dirk Foell1, Pratima Sinha2, Thomas Vogl3, Robbin Newlin4, Jonamani Nayak4, Mien Nguyen4, Anna Olsson4,7, Peter P. Nawroth5, Angelika Bierhaus5, Nissi Varki6, Mitchell Kronenberg, Hudson H. Freeze4 and Geetha Srikrishna4,*

Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
2 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
3 Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
4 Tumor Microenvironment Program, Cancer Center, The Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
5 Department of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
6 Department of Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
7 Present address: Clinical Trials, Capio Diagnostik, Nygaardsvej 32, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 858 795 5256; Fax: +1 858 713 6281; Email: gsrikrishna{at}burnham.org

Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases are at increased risk for colorectal cancer, but the molecular mechanisms linking inflammation and cancer are not well defined. We earlier showed that carboxylated N-glycans expressed on receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and other glycoproteins mediate colitis through activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-{kappa}B). Because NF-{kappa}B signaling plays a critical role in the molecular pathogenesis of colitis-associated cancer (CAC), we reasoned that carboxylated glycans, RAGE and its ligands might promote CAC. Carboxylated glycans are expressed on a subpopulation of RAGE on colon cancer cells and mediate S100A8/A9 binding to RAGE. Colon tumor cells express binding sites for S100A8/A9 and binding leads to activation of NF-{kappa}B and tumor cell proliferation. Binding, downstream signaling and tumor cell proliferation are blocked by mAbGB3.1, an anti-carboxylate glycan antibody, and by anti-RAGE. In human colon tumor tissues and in a mouse model of CAC, we found that myeloid progenitors expressing S100A8 and S100A9 infiltrate regions of dysplasia and adenoma. mAbGB3.1 administration markedly reduces chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis in the mouse model of CAC and RAGE-deficient mice are resistant to the onset of CAC. These findings show that RAGE, carboxylated glycans and S100A8/A9 play essential roles in tumor–stromal interactions, leading to inflammation-associated colon carcinogenesis.

Abbreviations: AOM, azoxymethane; BSA, bovine serum albumin; CAC, colitis-associated cancer; DSS, dextran sulfate sodium; HBSS, Hanks’ balanced salt solution; HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1; IL, interleukin; MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell; NF-{kappa}B, nuclear factor kappa B; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PNGase F, peptide N-glycanase F; RAGE, receptor for advanced glycation end products; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4; TNF{alpha}, tumor necrosis factor alpha

Received May 16, 2008; revised July 25, 2008; accepted August 3, 2008.


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