Skip Navigation


Carcinogenesis Advance Access originally published online on September 18, 2008
Carcinogenesis 2008 29(12):2351-2359; doi:10.1093/carcin/bgn211
This Article
Right arrow Full Text Freely available
Right arrow FREE Full Text (PDF) Freely available
Right arrow Supplementary Data
Right arrowOA All Versions of this Article:
29/12/2351    most recent
bgn211v1
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Jin, Y.
Right arrow Articles by Hofseth, L. J.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Jin, Y.
Right arrow Articles by Hofseth, L. J.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us  
What's this?

© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

American ginseng suppresses inflammation and DNA damage associated with mouse colitis

Yu Jin{dagger}, Venkata S. Kotakadi{dagger}, Lei Ying, Anne B. Hofseth, Xiangli Cui, Patricia A. Wood1, Anthony Windust2, Lydia E. Matesic3, Edsel A. Pena4, Codruta Chiuzan4, Narendra P. Singh5, Mitzi Nagarkatti5, Prakash S. Nagarkatti5, Michael J. Wargovich6 and Lorne J. Hofseth*

Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA
1 William Jennings Brian Dorn VA Medical Center and the School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
2 Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council, Ottawa 29208, Canada
3 Department of Biological Sciences
4 Department of Statistics
5 Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
6 Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, 770 Sumter Street, Coker Life Sciences, Room 513C, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. Tel: +1 803 777 6627; Fax: +1 803 777 8356; Email: hofseth{at}cop.sc.edu

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a dynamic, idiopathic, chronic inflammatory condition associated with a high colon cancer risk. American ginseng has antioxidant properties and targets many of the players in inflammation. The aim of this study was to test whether American ginseng extract prevents and treats colitis. Colitis in mice was induced by the presence of 1% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in the drinking water or by 1% oxazolone rectally. American ginseng extract was mixed in the chow at levels consistent with that currently consumed by humans as a supplement (75 p.p.m., equivalent to 58 mg daily). To test prevention of colitis, American ginseng extract was given prior to colitis induction. To test treatment of colitis, American ginseng extract was given after the onset of colitis. In vitro studies were performed to examine mechanisms. Results indicate that American ginseng extract not only prevents but it also treats colitis. Inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 (markers of inflammation) and p53 (induced by inflammatory stress) are also downregulated by American ginseng. Mucosal and DNA damage associated with colitis is at least in part a result of an oxidative burst from overactive leukocytes. We therefore tested the hypothesis that American ginseng extract can inhibit leukocyte activation and subsequent epithelial cell DNA damage in vitro and in vivo. Results are consistent with this hypothesis. The use of American ginseng extract represents a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of UC.

Abbreviations: COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; DSS, dextran sulfate sodium; IFN, interferon; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; NF-{kappa}B, nuclear factor-kappa B; NRC, National Research Council; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; UC, ulcerative colitis

{dagger} These authors contributed equally to this work.

Received May 19, 2008; revised July 28, 2008; accepted September 3, 2008.


Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us    What's this?




Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.