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Carcinogenesis Advance Access originally published online on August 12, 2008
Carcinogenesis 2008 29(12):2377-2384; doi:10.1093/carcin/bgn190
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Constitutive expression of human keratin 14 gene in mouse lung induces premalignant lesions and squamous differentiation

EL Habib Dakir, Lionel Feigenbaum1 and R. Ilona Linnoila*

Experimental Pathology Section, Cell and Cancer Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
1 Laboratory of Animal Sciences, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 20702, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Experimental Pathology Section, Cell and Cancer Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Room 1056B, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Tel: 1 301 496 6528; Fax: 1 301 480 1977; Email: linnoila{at}mail.nih.gov

Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 20% of all human lung cancers and is strongly linked to cigarette smoking. It develops through premalignant changes that are characterized by high levels of keratin 14 (K14) expression in the airway epithelium and evolve through basal cell hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia and dysplasia to carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma. In order to explore the impact of K14 in the pulmonary epithelium that normally lacks both squamous differentiation and K14 expression, human keratin 14 gene hK14 was constitutively expressed in mouse airway progenitor cells using a mouse Clara cell specific 10 kDa protein (CC10) promoter. While the lungs of CC10-hK14 transgenic mice developed normally, we detected increased expression of K14 and the molecular markers of squamous differentiation program such as involucrin, loricrin, small proline-rich protein 1A, transglutaminase 1 and cholesterol sulfotransferase 2B1. In contrast, wild-type lungs were negative. Aging CC10-hK14 mice revealed multifocal airway cell hyperplasia, occasional squamous metaplasia and their lung tumors displayed evidence for multidirectional differentiation. We conclude that constitutive expression of hK14 initiates squamous differentiation program in the mouse lung, but fails to promote squamous maturation. Our study provides a novel model for assessing the mechanisms of premalignant lesions in vivo by modifying differentiation and proliferation of airway progenitor cells.

Abbreviations: CCE, cornified cell envelope; CC10, Clara cell specific 10 kDa protein; hK14, human keratin 14; IHC, immunohistochemistry; mCC10, mouse Clara cell 10 kDa protein; mRNA, messenger RNA; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; Q-RT–PCR, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; SQCA, squamous cell carcinoma; TG, transgenic; WT, wild-type

Received March 11, 2008; revised July 17, 2008; accepted August 7, 2008.


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