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Carcinogenesis Advance Access originally published online on May 21, 2008
Carcinogenesis 2008 29(6):1184-1191; doi:10.1093/carcin/bgn085
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
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Interaction of the cytochrome P4501A2, SULT1A1 and NAT gene polymorphisms with smoking and dietary mutagen intake in modification of the risk of pancreatic cancer

Hideo Suzuki, Jeffrey S. Morris1, Yanan Li, Mark A. Doll4, David W. Hein4, Jun Liu1, Li Jiao3, Manal M. Hassan, Rena S. Day5, Melissa L. Bondy2, James L. Abbruzzese and Donghui Li*

Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology
1 Department of Biostatistics
2 Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
3 Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
4 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and J. Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
5 The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77025, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 713 834 6690; Fax: +1 713 834 6153; Email: dli{at}mdanderson.org

Aromatic amines, N-nitroso compounds and heterocyclic amines are suspected human pancreatic carcinogens. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2, N-acetyltransferase (NAT) 1, NAT2 and sulfotransferase (SULT) are enzymes involved in the metabolism of these carcinogens. To test the hypothesis that genetic variations in carcinogen metabolism modify the risk of pancreatic cancer (PC), we investigated the effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CYP1A2, NAT1, NAT2 and SULT1A1 gene on modification of the risk of PC in a hospital-based study of 755 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 636 healthy frequency-matched controls. Smoking and dietary mutagen exposure information was collected by personal interviews. Genotypes were determined using the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism and Taqman methods. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis. We observed no significant main effects of any of these genes on the risk of PC. The CYP1A2 and NAT1 but not SULT1A1 and NAT2 genotypes showed significant interactions with heavy smoking in women not men. In contrast, a significant interaction between NAT1 genotype and dietary mutagen intake on modifying the risk of PC were observed among men but not women. The OR (95% CI) of PC was 2.23 (1.33–3.72) and 2.54 (1.51–4.25) for men having the NAT1*10 and a higher intake of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine and benzo[a]pyrene, respectively, compared with individuals having no NAT1*10 or a lower intake of these dietary mutagens. These data suggest the existence of gender-specific susceptibility to tobacco carcinogen and dietary mutagen exposure in PC.

Abbreviations: AA, aromatic amine; BaP, benzo[a]pyrene; CI, confidence interval; CYP, cytochrome P450; DiMeIQx, 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline; HCA, heterocyclic amine; MeIQx, 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline; NAT, N-acetyltransferase; NOC, N-nitroso compound; OR, odds ratio; PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; PC, pancreatic cancer; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PhIP, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism; SULT, sulfotransferase

Received January 28, 2008; revised March 16, 2008; accepted March 21, 2008.


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