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Carcinogenesis Advance Access originally published online on October 9, 2008
Carcinogenesis 2009 30(1):141-149; doi:10.1093/carcin/bgn236
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Human papillomavirus E5 protein induces expression of the EP4 subtype of prostaglandin E2 receptor in cyclic AMP response element-dependent pathways in cervical cancer cells

Jung-Min Oh1, Su-Hyeong Kim1, Yun-Il Lee2, Miran Seo1, So-Young Kim1, Yong-Sang Song1,3, Woo-Ho Kim4 and Yong-Sung Juhnn1,2,*

1 Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Tumor Biology, Cancer Research Institute
2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
4 Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +82 2 740 8247; Fax: +82 2 744 4534; Email: juhnn{at}snu.ac.kr

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the major cause of uterine cervical cancer, but the role of the HPV E5 in carcinogenesis is not clearly understood. Prostaglandins are known to contribute to carcinogenesis of cervical cancer, and we therefore investigated the effect of HPV16 E5 on the expression of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptors and underlying mechanisms. Stable expression of the E5 induced expression of the EP4 subtype of PGE2 receptors in C33A cervical cancer cells, and transfection of E5 small interfering RNA (siRNA) decreased it. EP4 protein expression was increased in human cervical cancer tissues, and EP4 mediated E5-induced increase in anchorage-independent colony formation and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. E5 induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, and COX-2 increased PGE2 secretion and EP4 expression. The induction of EP4 by PGE2 and E5 was inhibited by an EP4 antagonist, inhibitors of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and a cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element (CRE) decoy. E5 increased the luciferase expression controlled by a variant CRE of the EP4 promoter, and it also increased the binding of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) to oligonucleotides containing this CRE. We conclude that the HPV16 E5 protein induces EP4 receptor protein in cervical cancer cells and that this induction involves epidermal growth factor receptor, COX-2, PGE2, EP2 and EP4, protein kinase A, CREB and CRE.

Abbreviations: cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; CRE, cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element; CREB, cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; HPV, human papillomavirus; mRNA, messenger RNA; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PKA, cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A; RT, reverse transcription; siRNA, small interfering RNA; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor

Received July 23, 2008; revised September 27, 2008; accepted September 28, 2008.


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