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Carcinogenesis Advance Access originally published online on March 17, 2009
Carcinogenesis 2009 30(6):912-917; doi:10.1093/carcin/bgp063
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

MicroRNAs and genomic variations: from Proteus tricks to Prometheus gift

Muller Fabbri, Nicola Valeri and George A. Calin1,*

Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
1 Department of Experimental Therapeutics and Cancer Genetics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +713 792 5461; Fax: +713 745 4528; Email: gcalin{at}mdanderson.org

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with regulatory functions. MiRNAs are aberrantly expressed in almost all human cancers, leading to abnormal levels of target genes. Recently, an increasing number of studies have addressed whether genomic variations including germ line or somatic mutations and single-nucleotide polymorphisms can count for miRNA abnormal expression by altering their biogenesis and/or affect the ability of miRNAs to bind to target messenger RNAs. Here, we provide an extensive review of the studies that have investigated variations occurring both in miRNA genes and in target genes and we discuss the possible clinical implications of these findings. Furthermore, we propose that sequence variations in miRNAs or interactor sites located in mRNAs can be involved in cancer predisposition.

Abbreviations: DHFR, dihydrofolate reductase; mRNA, messenger RNA; miRNA, MicroRNA; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; nt, nucleotide; OG, oncogene; pri-miRNA, primary-miRNA; PTC, papillary thyroid carcinoma; RISC, RNA-induced silencing complex; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism; UTR, untranslated region

Received January 28, 2009; revised March 9, 2009; accepted March 10, 2009.


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