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Carcinogenesis Advance Access published online on October 27, 2009
Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgp255
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Increasing fish consumption does not affect genotoxicity markers in the colon in an intervention study

Gerda K. Pot1,#,/, Nina Habermann2,#, Gosia Majsak-Newman3, Linda J. Harvey3, Anouk Geelen1, Kasia Przybylska-Philips3, Fokko M. Nagengast4, Ben J. M. Witteman5, Paul C. van de Meeberg6, Andrew R. Hart7, Gertjan Schaafsma1, Guido Hooiveld1, Michael Glei2, Elizabeth K. Lund3, Beatrice L. Pool-Zobel2,{dagger} and Ellen Kampman1

1 Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
2 Department of Toxicology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
3 Institute of Food Research, Norwich, United Kingdom
4 UMC St Radboud, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
5 Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, the Netherlands
6 Slingeland Hospital, Doetinchem, the Netherlands
7 Norfolk & Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom

Corresponding author: Ellen Kampman, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD Wageningen, tel + 31 317 483867, Ellen.Kampman{at}wur.nl

Observational studies suggest that fish consumption is associated with a decreased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. A possible mechanism by which fish could reduce CRC risk is by decreasing colonic genotoxicity. However, concerns have also been raised over the levels of toxic compounds found in mainly oil-rich fish, which could increase genotoxicity. Therefore, the objective was to investigate the effects of fish on genotoxicity markers in the colon in a randomized controlled parallel intervention study. For a period of six months, subjects were randomly allocated to receive two extra weekly portions of (i) oil-rich fish (salmon), (ii) lean fish (cod), or (iii) just dietary advice. The Comet Assay was used to measure the DNA damage-inducing potential of fecal water (n=89) and DNA damage in colonocytes (n=70) collected pre- and post-intervention as markers of genotoxicity.

Genotoxicity of fecal water was not markedly changed after fish consumption: 1.0% increase in tail intensity (TI) (95% confidence interval (CI) -5.1; 7.0) in the salmon group and 0.4% increase in TI (95% CI -5.3; 6.1) in the cod group compared with the dietary advice group. DNA damage in colonocytes was also not significantly changed after fish consumption, in either the salmon group, (-0.5%TI, 95% CI -6.9; 6.0), or cod group (-3.3%TI, 95% CI -10.8; 4.3) compared with the dietary advice group. Measurements of genotoxicity of fecal water and DNA damage in colonocytes did not correlate (r=0.06, n=34). In conclusion, increasing consumption of either oil-rich or lean fish did not affect genotoxicity markers in the colon.

Key Words: genotoxicity • DNA damage • fish consumption • colorectal cancer • randomized controlled trial

# shared first author

/ equal contribution

{dagger} This paper is dedicated to the memory of Beatrice Louise Pool-Zobel who passed away on May 13th, 2008

Received April 15, 2009; revised October 12, 2009; accepted October 14, 2009.


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