Carcinogenesis, Vol 18, 817-823, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
J Surralles, K Autio, L Nylund, H Jarventaus, H Norppa, T Veidebaum, M Sorsa and K Peltonen
Benzene is a well-characterized human carcinogen and clastogen still
present in both the occupational and general environment. However, the
levels of benzene encountered today are, in most cases, relatively low and
new methods, more specific and sensitive than classical cytogenetics, are
probably needed to assess if current benzene exposures pose a genotoxic
risk to human health. Bearing in mind the leukaemogenic action of benzene,
blood lymphocytes appear to be a suitable cell system for biomonitoring
studies. Buccal epithelium is an alternative source of tissue for
monitoring human exposure to inhaled occupational and environmental
genotoxicants. New molecular cytogenetic techniques allowing us to
specifically study clastogenic or aneugenic events in human cells may
provide the additional sensitivity required. In the present study,
fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to examine the content of
micronuclei (MN) (using the pan-centromeric DNA probe SO-alphaAllCen) in
lymphocytes and buccal cells and to detect numerical abnormalities of
chromosome 9 (using a chromosome 9 centromere-specific alphoid DNA probe)
in buccal cells from a population occupationally exposed to benzene in an
Estonian petrochemical plant. Age-matched Estonian volunteers were used as
a control group. Individual benzene exposure levels were estimated to be
around 1 p.p.m. (8 h time-weighted average). No increases in the frequency
of total MN, MN harbouring whole chromosomes or acentric chromosomal
fragments or chromosome 9 numerical abnormalities were detected in relation
to benzene exposure in the present study. The lack of positive results was
consistent in both buccal cells and lymphocytes, indicating that the
benzene exposure levels encountered did not induce detectable clastogenic
or aneugenic effects in the exposed workers. Other variables and
confounding factors, such as age, smoking or alcohol consumption, did not
influence any of the multiple cytogenetic biomarkers analysed.
ARTICLES
Molecular cytogenetic analysis of buccal cells and lymphocytes from benzene-exposed workers
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki.
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