Carcinogenesis, Vol. 21, No. 11, 1971-1975,
November 2000
© 2000 Oxford University Press
Molecular Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention |
Glutathione S-transferase M1 polymorphism and lung cancer risk in African-Americans
1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Harlem Hospital Center, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10037,
2 Division of Environmental Health Science, Joseph L.Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032,
3 St Luke's–Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10025,
4 Kaplan Comprehensive Cancer Center New York University, New York, NY 10016,
5 EOHSI, UMDNJ, Piscataway NJ 08854,
6 Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA and
7 Ospedale Policlinico IRCCS, Milano 20122, Italy
Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) can detoxify many carcinogens, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as those from cigarette smoke. Though a number of studies have been published about the association between GSTM1 polymorphism and lung cancer, this association has received limited attention in the African-American population. We conducted a case–control study to investigate the role of GSTM1 polymorphism in the development of lung cancer in African-Americans. Specimens of DNA from 117 lung cancer cases and 120 controls were assayed for detection of GSTM1 genotype by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for lung cancer associated with homozygous deletion of the GSTM1 gene and other risk factors were estimated by logistic regression. Thirty-seven of the 117 cases (31.6%) and 24 of the 120 controls (20.0%) had the GSTM1 null genotype; the OR was 2.10 (95% CI 1.07–4.11) after adjustment for age, gender and smoking. The association was higher for squamous cell carcinoma (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.09–8.19) than for adenocarcinoma (OR 1.95, 95% CI 0.81–4.66). We observed a stronger association between GSTM1 null genotype and lung cancer among heavy smokers with 
30 pack-years (OR 4.35, 95% CI 1.16–16.23). This association was also found in squamous cell carcinoma (OR 6.26, 95% CI 1.31–29.91). In the analysis combining GSTM1 polymorphism and smoking, smokers with the null genotype had high risk (OR 8.19, 95% CI 2.35–28.62) compared with non-smokers with the wild-type genotype, and the risk increased with smoking cigarette pack-years (P = 0.0001 for trend). Our results suggest that GSTM1 polymorphism plays a role in the development of lung cancer and modifies the risk for smoking-related lung cancer in African-Americans.
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