Carcinogenesis, Vol. 21, No. 12, 2175-2181,
December 2000
© 2000 Oxford University Press
CANCER BIOLOGY |
Extracellular ATP activates multiple signalling pathways and potentiates growth factor-induced c-fos gene expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells
1 Human Bone Cell Research Group, Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE,
2 Department of Human and Biological Sciences, Liverpool Hope University College, Hope Park, Liverpool, L16 9JD, UK and
3 Institut de Genetique Moleculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535, CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
In the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, the nucleotides ATP
S and UTP, acting extracellularly through the purinergic receptor P2Y2, lead to elevated intracellular calcium levels and increased proliferation. ATPS and UTP treatment of MCF-7 cells activated transcription of the immediate early gene c-fos, an important component in the response to proliferative stimulation. c-fos induction was enhanced by co-treatment with ATPS and a variety of proliferative agents including growth factors, tumour promoters and stress. Stimulation with ATPS or epidermal growth factor (EGF) led to extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation and phosphorylation of the transcription factors CREB and Elk-1. Co-stimulation synergistically activated fos expression and notably led to increased levels of ERK, CREB and EGF receptor phosphorylation, as well as hyperphosphorylation of ternary complex factor. Nevertheless, the ERK pathway does not fully account for this synergy, since fos induction was differentially sensitive to the MEK inhibitor U0126, indicating that these two agonists signal differently to this immediate early gene. Thus, extracellular nucleotides co-operate with growth factors to activate genes linked to the proliferative response in MCF-7 cells through activation of specific purinergic receptors, which thereby represent important potential targets for arresting the neoplastic progression of breast cancer cells.
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