Carcinogenesis, Vol. 21, No. 3, 497-503,
March 2000
© 2000 Oxford University Press
Cancer Biology |
Tumor progression and metastasis
Biology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Tsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
It is now widely accepted that cancer is attributed to the accumulation of genetic alterations in cells. Thus, to understand the molecular mechanisms of cancer metastasis, it is indispensable to identify the genes whose alterations accumulate during cancer progression as well as the genes whose expression is responsible for the acquisition of metastatic potential in cancer cells. Molecular analyses of cancer cells in various stages of progression have revealed that alterations in tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes accumulate during tumor progression and correlate with the clinical aggressiveness of cancer. Comparative analyses of gene expression profiles between metastatic and non-metastatic cells have revealed that various genes are differentially expressed in association with the metastatic potential of cancer cells. A number of genes have been also identified as having functions in inducing or suppressing metastasis in experimental models. However, the association between causative genetic alterations and resulting phenotypic alterations with respect to the metastatic potential of cancer cells is not fully understood. Therefore, elucidation of genotype–phenotype correlation will be required to further understand a complex process of metastasis. Here, I review the progress on molecular studies of tumor progression and metastasis of the past 20 years and discuss the future direction in this field of science.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  K. Takahashi, T. Kohno, S. Matsumoto, Y. Nakanishi, Y. Arai, S. Yamamoto, T. Fujiwara, N. Tanaka, and J. Yokota Clonal and Parallel Evolution of Primary Lung Cancers and Their Metastases Revealed by Molecular Dissection of Cancer Cells Clin. Cancer Res., January 1, 2007; 13(1): 111 - 120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Yao, Y. Huang, K. Shioi, K. Hattori, T. Murakami, N. Nakaigawa, T. Kishida, Y. Nagashima, and Y. Kubota Expression of Adipose Differentiation-Related Protein: A Predictor of Cancer-Specific Survival in Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma Clin. Cancer Res., January 1, 2007; 13(1): 152 - 160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Yan and R. Shao Transduction of a Mesenchyme-specific Gene Periostin into 293T Cells Induces Cell Invasive Activity through Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transformation J. Biol. Chem., July 14, 2006; 281(28): 19700 - 19708. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. M. Houghton, J. L. Grisolano, M. L. Baumann, D. K. Kobayashi, R. D. Hautamaki, L. C. Nehring, L. A. Cornelius, and S. D. Shapiro Macrophage elastase (matrix metalloproteinase-12) suppresses growth of lung metastases. Cancer Res., June 15, 2006; 66(12): 6149 - 6155. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. C. Malins, N. K. Gilman, V. M. Green, T. M. Wheeler, E. A. Barker, M. A. Vinson, M. Sayeeduddin, K. E. Hellstrom, and K. M. Anderson Metastatic cancer DNA phenotype identified in normal tissues surrounding metastasizing prostate carcinomas PNAS, August 3, 2004; 101(31): 11428 - 11431. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. D. Albright, R. I. Salganik, and T. Van Dyke Dietary Depletion of Vitamin E and Vitamin A Inhibits Mammary Tumor Growth and Metastasis in Transgenic Mice J. Nutr., May 1, 2004; 134(5): 1139 - 1144. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E F. Marback, V E A Arias, A Paranhos Jr, F A Soares, A L Murphree, and C M Erwenne Tumour angiogenesis as a prognostic factor for disease dissemination in retinoblastoma Br. J. Ophthalmol., October 1, 2003; 87(10): 1224 - 1228. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. T. Cheung, X. Chen, X. Y. Guan, S. Y. Wong, L. S. Tai, I. O. L. Ng, S. So, and S. T. Fan Identify Metastasis-associated Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Clonality Delineation for Multinodular Tumor Cancer Res., August 15, 2002; 62(16): 4711 - 4721. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. L. Parsons, S. J. Culp, M. G. Manjanatha, and R. H. Heflich Occurrence of H-ras codon 61 CAA to AAA mutation during mouse liver tumor progression Carcinogenesis, June 1, 2002; 23(6): 943 - 948. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. K. Rofstad, S. H. Tunheim, B. Mathiesen, B. A. Graff, E. F. Halsor, K. Nilsen, and K. Galappathi Pulmonary and Lymph Node Metastasis Is Associated with Primary Tumor Interstitial Fluid Pressure in Human Melanoma Xenografts Cancer Res., February 1, 2002; 62(3): 661 - 664. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Li, M. L. Varney, and R. K. Singh Expression of Interleukin 8 and Its Receptors in Human Colon Carcinoma Cells with Different Metastatic Potentials Clin. Cancer Res., October 1, 2001; 7(10): 3298 - 3304. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Y. Lin, A. V. Nguyen, R. G. Russell, and J. W. Pollard Colony-stimulating Factor 1 Promotes Progression of Mammary Tumors to Malignancy J. Exp. Med., March 19, 2001; 193(6): 727 - 740. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|