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Carcinogenesis, Vol. 21, No. 9, 1761-1765, September 2000
© 2000 Oxford University Press

Short Communications

Methylation of the BRCA1 promoter is associated with decreased BRCA1 mRNA levels in clinical breast cancer specimens

Judd C. Rice1, Hilmi Ozcelik2,3, Patrick Maxeiner6, Irene Andrulis4,5 and Bernard W. Futscher1,6,7

1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721,
2 Centre for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA,
3 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology,
4 Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto and
5 Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Canada and
6 Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA

Functional inactivation of BRCA1 is an important mechanism involved in breast cancer pathogenesis. Mutation is often responsible for BRCA1 inactivation in familial breast cancer, but is not responsible for the decreased levels of BRCA1 seen in a subset of sporadic breast cancer patients. To determine if aberrant cytosine methylation of the BRCA1 promoter is associated with decreased BRCA1 gene expression in human breast cancer, high resolution bisulfite sequence analysis was used to analyze the cytosine methylation status of the BRCA1 promoter in 21 axillary node negative breast cancer patients with known levels of BRCA1 expression. Aberrant cytosine methylation of the BRCA1 promoter was detected in three of 21 patient specimens. These three specimens also expressed the lowest levels of BRCA1. Results from this analysis show that aberrant cytosine methylation of the BRCA1 promoter is directly correlated with decreased levels of BRCA1 expression in human breast cancer, and suggest that epigenetic silencing may be one mechanism of transcriptional inactivation of BRCA1 in sporadic mammary carcinogenesis.


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