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Carcinogenesis, Vol. 22, No. 1, 199-202, January 2001
© 2001 Oxford University Press

SHORT COMMUNICATION

Dose-dependent effect of dietary meat on endogenous colonic N-nitrosation

R. Hughes1, A.J. Cross1, J.R.A. Pollock2 and S. Bingham3

1 Medical Research Council, Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Welcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XY and
2 Pollock and Pool Ltd, Ladbroke Close, Reading RG5 4DX, UK

Human male volunteers were studied in a metabolic facility whilst they were fed randomized controlled diets. In eight volunteers there was a significant increase in faecal apparent total N-nitroso compounds (ATNC) and nitrite excretion (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.046, respectively) when randomized doses of meat were increased from 0 to 60, 240 and 420 g/day over 10 day periods. Mean (± SE) faecal ATNC levels were 54 ± 7 µg/day when the diets contained no meat, 52 ± 11 µg/day when the diets contained 60 g meat/day, 159 ± 33 µg/day with 240 g meat and 199 ± 36 µg/day with 420 g meat. Higher concentrations of NOC were associated with longer times of transit in the gut (r = 0.55, P = 0.001) and low faecal weight (r = –0.51, P = 0.004). There was no significant decline in levels in individuals fed 420 g meat for 40 days. The exposures found on the higher meat diets were comparable with other sources of N-nitroso compounds (NOC), such as tobacco smoke. Many NOC are known large bowel initiators and promotors in colon cancer, inducing G->A transitions in codons 12 and 13 of K-ras. Endogenous NOC formation, combined with prolonged transit times in the gut, may explain the epidemiological associations between high meat/low fibre diets and colorectal cancer risk.


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