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Carcinogenesis, Vol. 23, No. 8, 1343-1350, August 2002
© 2002 Oxford University Press


MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CANCER PREVENTION

Meta- and pooled analyses of the effects of glutathione S-transferase M1 polymorphisms and smoking on lung cancer risk

Simone Benhamou1,27, Won Jin Lee2, Anna-Karin Alexandrie3, Paolo Boffetta2, Christine Bouchardy4, Dorota Butkiewicz5, Jurgen Brockmöller6, Margie L. Clapper7, Ann Daly8, Vita Dolzan9, Jean Ford10, Laura Gaspari11, Aage Haugen12, Ari Hirvonen13, Kirsti Husgafvel-Pursiainen13, Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg3, Ivan Kalina14, Masahiro Kihara15, Pierre Kremers16, Loïc Le Marchand17, Stephanie J. London18, Valle Nazar-Stewart19, Masako Onon-Kihara20, Agneta Rannug3, Marjorie Romkes21, David Ryberg12, Janeric Seidegard22, Peter Shields23, Richard C. Strange24, Isabelle Stücker25, Jordi To-Figueras26, Paul Brennan2 and Emanuela Taioli11

1 INSERM U521, EMI 00–06, Evry, France,
2 International Agency for Cancer Research, Lyon, France,
3 Karolinska Institutet and National Institute for Working Life, Stockholm, Sweden,
4 Geneva Cancer Registry, Switzerland,
5 Centre of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland,
6 Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany,
7 Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,
8 University of Newcastle, UK,
9 University of Ljubljana, Slovenia,
10 Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA,
11 Ospedale Maggiore IRCCS, Milan, Italy,
12 National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway,
13 Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland,
14 P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia,
15 Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan,
16 Institut de Pathologie, Liège, Belgium,
17 University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii USA,
18 National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA,
19 Oregon Health Sciences University, Oregon, USA,
20 Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan,
21 University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,
22 Lund University, Lund, Sweden,
23 Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA,
24 Keele University, Staffordshire, UK,
25 INSERM U170, Villejuif, France and
26 Hospital Clinic Provincial, Barcelona, Spain

Susceptibility to lung cancer may in part be attributable to inter-individual variability in metabolic activation or detoxification of tobacco carcinogens. The glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) genetic polymorphism has been extensively studied in this context; two recent meta-analyses of case-control studies suggested an association between GSTM1 deletion and lung cancer. At least 15 studies have been published after these overviews. We undertook a new meta-analysis to summarize the results of 43 published case-control studies including >18 000 individuals. A slight excess of risk of lung cancer for individuals with the GSTM1 null genotype was found (odds ratio (OR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–1.27). No evidence of publication bias was found (P = 0.4), however, it is not easy to estimate the extent of such bias and we cannot rule out some degree of publication bias in our results. A pooled analysis of the original data of about 9500 subjects involved in 21 case-control studies from the International Collaborative Study on Genetic Susceptibility to Environmental Carcinogens (GSEC) data set was performed to assess the role of GSTM1 genotype as a modifier of the effect of smoking on lung cancer risk with adequate power. Analyses revealed no evidence of increased risk of lung cancer among carriers of the GSTM1 null genotype (age-, gender- and center-adjusted OR = 1.08, 95% CI 0.98–1.18) and no evidence of interaction between GSTM1 genotype and either smoking status or cumulative tobacco consumption.


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