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Carcinogenesis, Vol. 24, No. 2, 301-306, February 2003
© 2003 Oxford University Press

CARCINOGENESIS

Endogenous retroviral elements, but not exogenous retroviruses, are detected in CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders of the skin

Werner Kempf1,2,4,4, Marshall E. Kadin2, Ann M. Dvorak2, Carol C. Lord1, Günter Burg4, Norman L. Letvin1 and Igor J. Koralnik1,3

1 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Division of Viral Pathogenesis, Boston, MA,
2 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Department of Pathology, Boston, MA,
3 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA, USA and
4 University Zurich, Department of Dermatology, Zurich, Switzerland

Abbreviations: ATLL, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma; CTCL, cutaneous T-cell lymphomas; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; HTLV-1 and 2, human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2; IUDR, 5'-iodo-2' deoxyuridine; LPD, lymphoproliferative disorders; LyP, lymphomatoid papulosis; NHL, non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas; RT–PCR, reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction; VLP, viral-like particles.

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   Introduction
 
Primary cutaneous CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) comprise a spectrum of disorders including lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) and CD30+ pleomorphic or anaplastic large T-cell lymphomas (1–3). LyP is a chronic, recurrent lymphoproliferative disorder which manifests clinically as papulonodular, spontaneously regressing skin lesions (4). Histologically, large pleomorphic and anaplastic tumor cells are found which are activated T-lymphocytes expressing the CD30 antigen (5,6).

Viruses are known etiologic factors in the pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL) (7). In particular, retroviruses such as human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and 2) have been linked to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and other forms of NHL (for review see refs 8 and 9). Primary cutaneous lymphomas, especially cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, have been considered to be caused by viruses. Several reports of the detection of HTLV-1 or 2 sequences in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) (10. . . [Full Text of this Article]


   Material and methods
 
LyP biopsies and cell lines
Cell cultures and cocultivation
Induction
Electron microscopy
RT assay
RNA extraction
PCR and Southern blot hybridization
Amplification of ERV sequences
Degenerate PCR
Cloning and sequencing
Sequence analysis

   Results
 
Electron microscopy
Cocultivation
RT assays
PCR studies

   Discussion
 

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