Carcinogenesis Advance Access originally published online on December 19, 2003
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Carcinogenesis, Vol. 25, No. 4, 509-515,
April 2004
Carcinogenesis vol.25 no.4 © Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved.
CANCER BIOLOGY |
Oxidative stress in cancer prone xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts. Real-time and single cell monitoring of superoxide and nitric oxide production with microelectrodes
1 Département de Chimie, UMR CNRS 8640 ‘PASTEUR’, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France and 2 Institut Gustave Roussy, PR2, UPR CNRS 2169, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, F-94805 Villejuif, France
3 Present address: LACReM, ENSCPB, 16, Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607 Pessac, France
Sun exposure is clearly implicated in premature skin ageing and neoplastic development. These features are exacerbated in patients with Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), a hereditary disease associated at the cellular level with DNA repair defects and a low catalase activity. The implications of oxidative stress in the defects and cancer proneness of XP skin cells (keratinocytes, fibroblasts) are multiple and remain unclear. They were investigated here at the level of a single fibroblast by an electrochemical method based on microelectrodes we have developed previously. These microelectrodes permit a real-time quantification and identification of superoxide and nitric oxide derivatives (H2O2, ONOO-, NO•, 
) released by a living cell following its stimulation. Then, the oxidative bursts produced by fibroblasts from normal strains were compared with those of fibroblasts from several XP group A (XPA) and XP group D (XPD) strains. All XPA and XPD strains provided responses of higher amplitude and duration than controls. The XP specific oxidative response could not be correlated with DNA repair ability since the transduction of XPD strains with the wild-type XPD gene did not modify their production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The nature of these species was investigated and revealed that cancer prone XPD fibroblasts produced higher amounts of 
and H2O2 and lower amounts of NO• and ONOO than normal fibroblasts.
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