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Carcinogenesis Advance Access originally published online on July 28, 2005
Carcinogenesis 2005 26(12):2207-2212; doi:10.1093/carcin/bgi191
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Carcinogenesis Vol.26 no.12 © Oxford University Press 2005; all rights reserved.

CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 polymorphisms and risk of lung cancer among never smokers: a population-based study

A.S. Wenzlaff 1, *, M.L. Cote 1, 2, C.H. Bock 1, 2, S.J. Land 1, 3, 4, S.K. Santer 1, D.R. Schwartz 5 and A.G. Schwartz 1, 2

1 Population Studies and Prevention Program, 2 Department of Internal Medicine, 3 Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, 4 Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Program and 5 Proteases and Cancer Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA

* To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. Tel: +1 313 833 0715 ext. 2484; Fax: +1 313 831 7806; Email: wenzlaff{at}med.wayne.edu

The cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily of enzymes catalyse one of the first steps in the metabolism of carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitroaromatics and arylamines. Polymorphisms within the CYP1A1 gene have been shown to be associated with lung cancer risk, predominantly among Asian populations. Despite functional evidence of a possible role of CYP1B1 in lung cancer susceptibility, only a few studies have evaluated polymorphisms in this gene in relation to lung cancer susceptibility. This population-based study evaluates polymorphisms in both of these CYP genes within never smokers, most of whom had environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure. Cases (n = 160) were identified through the metropolitan Detroit Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program, and age, sex and race-matched population-based controls (n = 181) were identified using random digit dialing. Neither CYP1A1 MspI nor CYP1A1 Ile462Val was associated with lung cancer susceptibility among Caucasians or African-Americans. Among Caucasians, however, CYP1B1 Leu432Val was significantly associated with lung cancer susceptibility odds ratio (OR) for at least one valine allele = 2.87 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.63–5.07]. Combinations of this Phase I enzyme polymorphism along with selected Phase II enzyme polymorphisms (GSTM1 null, GSTP1 Ile105Val and NQO1 C609T) were evaluated. The combination of CYP1B1 Leu432Val and NQO1 C609T appeared to be associated with the highest risk of lung cancer (OR = 4.14, 95% CI 1.60–10.74), although no combinations differed significantly from the risk associated with CYP1B1 Leu432Val alone. When individuals were stratified by household ETS exposure (yes/no), CYP1B1 Leu432Val alone and in combination with Phase II enzyme polymorphisms was more strongly associated with increased lung cancer susceptibility among those with at least some household ETS exposure. Additional studies will be required to further validate these findings among never smokers and to evaluate the effects of this polymorphism among smoking populations as well.


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