Carcinogenesis Advance Access originally published online on June 9, 2008
Carcinogenesis 2008 29(9):1665-1674; doi:10.1093/carcin/bgn142
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Laboratory and clinical studies of cancer chemoprevention by antioxidants in berries
Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine
1 Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +614 293 3268; Fax: +614 293 5952; Email: gary.stoner{at}osumc.edu
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a major cause of cellular injury in an increasing number of diseases, including cancer. Most ROS are created in the cell through normal cellular metabolism. They can be produced by environmental insults such as ultraviolet light and toxic chemicals, as well as by the inflammatory process. Interception of ROS or limiting their cellular effects is a major role of antioxidants. Due to their content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, berries exhibit high antioxidant potential, exceeding that of many other foodstuffs. Through their ability to scavenge ROS and reduce oxidative DNA damage, stimulate antioxidant enzymes, inhibit carcinogen-induced DNA adduct formation and enhance DNA repair, berry compounds have been shown to inhibit mutagenesis and cancer initiation. Berry constituents also influence cellular processes associated with cancer progression including signaling pathways associated with cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. This review article summarizes laboratory and human studies, demonstrating the protective effects of berries and berry constituents on oxidative and other cellular processes leading to cancer development.
Abbreviations: AOM, azoxymethane; AP-1, activator protein-1; B(a)P, benzo(a)pyrene; BE, Barrett's esophagus; BPDE, benzo(a)pyrene diol-epoxide; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; DMBA, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene; LBR, lyophilized black raspberry; NF-
B, nuclear factor kappa B; NMBA, N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine; 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine; ROS, reactive oxygen species; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
Received March 29, 2008; revised May 30, 2008; accepted June 1, 2008.
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