Carcinogenesis Advance Access originally published online on March 6, 2009
Carcinogenesis 2009 30(5):785-792; doi:10.1093/carcin/bgp058
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Genetic susceptibility to esophageal cancer: the role of the nucleotide excision repair pathway
1 Department of Epidemiology
2 Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology
3 Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Department of Epidemiology, Unit 1340, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Hermann Pressler Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Tel: +1 713 745 2485; Fax: +1 713 792 4657, Email: xwu{at}mdanderson.org
In this case–control study with 387 White esophageal patients and 462 White controls matched to cases by age and sex, we evaluated the associations between 13 potential functional polymorphisms in eight major nucleotide excision repair (NER) genes and esophageal cancer risk. In individual single nucleotide polymorphism analysis, after adjustment for multiple comparisons, the heterozygous GT genotype of the ERCC1 3' untranslated region (UTR) was associated with an increased risk, whereas the homozygous variant genotype TT was associated with 60% reduction in risk with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.40 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.19–0.86). The heterozygous AG genotype of XPA 5' UTR was at 2.11-fold increased risk (95% CI = 1.33–3.35) and the risk reached 3.10-fold (95% CI = 1.94–4.95) for the homozygous variant GG genotype. These associations were also significant when restricted the analyses in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. Further, the CT genotype of the RAD23B Ala249Val was associated with increased esophageal cancer risk (OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.05–1.97), whereas the poly-AT–/+ genotype of the XPC intron 9 conferred a decreased risk (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.51–0.97). In joint analysis, individuals carrying 1 (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.57–4.52) and 
2 (OR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.58–4.75) unfavorable genotypes exhibited significantly increased risk for esophageal cancer risk with significant dose-response trend (P for trend = 0.006). The pathway-based risk was more evident in ever smokers, overweight/obese individuals, men and ever drinkers. Our results support the hypothesis that increasing numbers of unfavorable genotypes in the NER predispose susceptible individuals to increased risk of esophageal cancer. These findings warrant further replications in different populations.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CART, classification and regression tree; CI, confidence interval; FDR, false discovery rate; NER, nucleotide excision repair; OR, odds ratio; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; PAT, poly-AT; UTR, untranslated region
Received September 19, 2008; revised March 2, 2009; accepted March 3, 2009.