Carcinogenesis Advance Access published online on June 5, 2003
Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgg095
© 2003 by Oxford University Press
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MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CANCER PREVENTION
1 Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
Received 4 April 2003
; revised 21 May 2003
; accepted 25 May 2003
The use of dietary botanicals is receiving considerable interest to protect skin from adverse biological effects of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Dietary feeding of proanthocyanidins extracted from grape seeds (GSP) (0.2 and 0.5%, w/w) in AIN76 control diet to SKH-1 hairless mice resulted in prevention of photocarcinogenesis in terms of tumor incidence (20-95%), tumor multiplicity (46-95%) and tumor size (29-94%) against UVB induced -complete (both initiation + promotion), -initiation and -promotion stages of photocarcinogenesis. Feeding of GSP (0.5%, w/w) also resulted in prevention of malignant transformation of UVB-induced papillomas to carcinomas in terms of carcinoma incidence (45%), carcinoma multiplicity (61%) and carcinoma size (75%) compared to non-GSP treated mice following UVB-induced complete carcinogenesis protocol at the end of 30 weeks. Biochemical analysis revealed that treatment of GSP in vivo and in vitro systems significantly inhibited UVB- or Fe+++-induced lipid peroxidation by 57-66% (p<0.01) and 41-77% (p<0.05-0.001) respectively, thus suggest the antioxidant mechanism of photoprotection by GSP. Long-term feeding of GSP did not show apparent sign of toxicity in mice when determined in terms of body weight, diet consumption and physical characteristics of internal body organs like spleen, liver and kidney. Feeding of GSP also did not show apparent sign of toxicity when determined in terms of total body mass (mass of lean+fat), total bone mineral density and total bone mineral content by employing dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). DXA analysis also revealed that feeding of GSP significantly decreased tissue fat level (24-27%, p<0.05) without changing the total body mass of the animals compared to non-GSP-fed animals. This can be attributed to increased lipolysis or decreased synthesis of fat due to administration of GSP. Together, it can be suggested that inhibition of photocarcinogenesis by GSP treatment may be associated with the reduction in UVB-induced oxidative damage and tissue fat content.
Dietary feeding of proanthocyanidins from grape seeds prevents photocarcinogenesis in SKH-1 hairless mice: relationship to decreased fat and lipid peroxidation
2 Departments of Dermatology, Environmental Health Sciences, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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