Carcinogenesis Advance Access published online on July 17, 2003
Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgg111
© 2003 by Oxford University Press
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CANCER BIOLOGY
1 Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
* Corresponding author. E-mail: sycheng{at}helix.nih.gov.
Received 1 April 2003
; revised 9 June 2003
; accepted 21 June 2003
The molecular genetics underlying thyroid carcinogenesis is not well understood. We have recently created a mutant mouse by targeting a mutation (PV) into the thyroid hormone receptor
Alterations in genomic profiles during tumor progression in a mouse model of follicular thyroid carcinoma
2 Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
3 Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1072
gene (TRPV mouse). TRPV/PV mice spontaneously develop follicular thyroid carcinoma through pathological progression of hyperplasia, capsular and vascular invasion, anaplasia, and eventually metastasis to distant organs. TRPV/PV mice provide an unusual opportunity to study the alterations in gene regulation that occur during thyroid carcinogenesis. To this end, we profiled the genomic changes in the thyroids of TRPV/PV mice at 6 months of age, at which time metastasis had begun. From arrays of 20,000 mouse cDNAs, 185 genes were up-regulated (2- to 17-fold) and 92 were down-regulated (2- to 20-fold). Functional clustering of named genes with reported functions (100 genes) indicated that 
39% of these genes were tumor-, metastasis/invasion- and cell cycle-related. Among the activated tumor-related genes identified, cyclin D1, pituitary tumor transforming gene-1, cathespin D and transforming growth factor 
were also found to overexpress in human thyroid cancers. Analyses of the gene profiles suggested that the signaling pathways mediated by thyrotropin, peptide growth factors, transforming growth factor-, tumor necrosis factor-, and nuclear factor 
B were activated, whereas pathways mediated by peroxisome proliferation activated receptor 
were repressed. These results indicate that complex alterations of multiple signaling pathways contribute to thyroid carcinogenesis. The critical genes associated with thyroid follicular carcinogenesis uncovered in the present study could serve as signature genes for diagnostic purposes, as well as for possible therapeutic targets.
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