Carcinogenesis Advance Access published online on December 19, 2003
Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgh054
© 2003 by Oxford University Press
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MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CANCER PREVENTION
1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
* Corresponding author. E-mail: gaudet{at}email.unc.edu.
Received 11 September 2003
; revised 19 November 2003
; accepted 8 December 2003
A decreased incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) associated with fruit and vegetable intake may act through chemopreventive compounds, which may be more available to persons homozygous for the deletion genotypes of the glutathione S-transferase (GST). We evaluated interactions between fruits and vegetables and GSTM1 and GSTT1 on incidence of SCCHN using data from a case-control study of 149 cases and 180 age- and gender-matched controls. After adjustment for age, gender, race, tobacco and alcohol use, weekly consumption of 4 or more servings of raw vegetables was inversely associated with SCCHN (OR=0.66, 95% CI 0.30-1.3). Contrary to expectation, relatively high intake of cooked vegetables (14 or more weekly servings) and legumes (2 or more weekly servings) were associated with increased incidence (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.1-6.0; OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.1-6.0, respectively). In general, our results did not suggest a clear or consistent pattern of modification by GST genotypes of the association between foods and SCCHN. For example, eating cruciferous vegetables, foods of a priori interest, and having the GSTM1- deletion genotype was not associated with the expected reduction in incidence compared to abstaining from cruciferous vegetable intake and having the GSTM1-present genotype. Among non-consumers of cruciferous vegetables, the GSTM1-deletion genotype was inversely associated with SCCHN (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.07-4.2). Raw vegetables were associated with a reduction in incidence only among persons with the GSTM1-deletion genotype (OR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.29-1.6), whereas either factor alone had a null association. Future research of GST-diet interactions and SCCHN would benefit from larger, population-based studies.
genetics, diet, cancer
Diet, GSTM1, and GSTT1 and head and neck cancer
2 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599, NC
3 Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599, NC
4 Laboratory of Computational Biology and Risk Assessment, National Institute of Environmental Health Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
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