Carcinogenesis Advance Access published online on January 16, 2004
Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgh076
© 2004 by Oxford University Press
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MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CANCER PREVENTION
1 College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
* Corresponding author. E-mail: surh{at}plaza.snu.ac.kr.
Received 23 June 2003
; revised 14 October 2003
; accepted 30 December 2003
Celecoxib, the first US FDA approved selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, initially developed for the treatment of adult rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, was reported to reduce the polyp burden in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. This specific COX-2 inhibitor also protects against experimentally induced carcinogenesis, but molecular mechanisms underlying its chemopreventive activities remain largely unresolved. In the present work, we found that celecoxib inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced expression of COX-2 in female ICR mouse skin when applied topically 30 min prior to TPA as determined by both immunoblot and immunohistochemical analyses. In another study, celecoxib attenuated the DNA binding activity of activator protein 1 (AP-1) through suppression of c-Jun and c-Fos expression in TPA-treated mouse skin. In addition, celecoxib inhibited both the catalytic activity and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. In the same animal model, TPA treatment resulted in rapid activation via phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)1/2 and p38 MAP kinase, which are upstream of AP-1 in mouse skin. In order to clarify the roles of p38 and ERK in TPA-induced AP-1 activation, we utilized the pharmacologic inhibitors of these enzymes. The p38 inhibitor SB203580 blocked TPA-mediated AP-1 activation, while the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 was not inhibitory despite suppression of c-Fos expression in mouse skin. Furthermore, SB203580 markedly inhibited COX-2 expression induced by TPA. Taken together, these findings suggest that celecoxib down-regulates COX-2 by blocking activation of p38 MAP kinase and AP-1 which may represent molecular mechanisms underlying anti-tumor promoting effects of this drug in mouse skin tumorigenesis.
Celecoxib, Chemoprevention, Cyclooxygenase-2, AP-1, Mouse skin, p38 MAP kinase
Celecoxib inhibits phorbol ester-induced expression of COX-2 and activation of AP-1 and p38 MAP kinase in mouse skin
2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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