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Carcinogenesis Advance Access published online on June 3, 2004
Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgh200
© 2004 by Oxford University Press
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Received April 1, 2004
Revised May 19, 2004
Accepted May 25, 2004

MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CANCER PREVENTION

Comparison of the chemopreventive efficacies of garlic powders with different alliin contents against aflatoxin B1 carcinogenicity in rats

Raymond Bergès 1, Marie-Hélène Siess 1, Ingrid Arnault 2, Jacques Auger 2, Rémi Kahane 3, Marie-France Pinnert 1, Marie-France Vernevaut 1, Anne-Marie Lebon 1*

1 Unité Mixte de Recherche de Toxicologie Alimentaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 17, rue Sully, 21065 Dijon cedex, France
2 Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, CNRS UMR 6035, Université F. Rabelais, Parc Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
3 Coopd'Or, Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Culture In vitro, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 21100 Bretenières, France


  Abstract

Garlic (Allium sativum) is well known for its beneficial effects on health and particularly for its chemopreventive potential against cancer. The present study was designed to compare the chemopreventive efficacies of several garlic powders with various levels of alliin, a precursor of active sulfur compounds. For this purpose, we used the medium term hepatocarcinogenesis protocol (resistant hepatocyte model), which allows the detection of preneoplasic foci expressing the placental form of glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) as an end point. Rats were fed diets containing three garlic powders (5% of the diet) with various alliin content, for 3 weeks. Garlic powders were obtained from bulbs grown on soils with different levels of sulfur fertilisation. During the period of garlic feeding, hepatocarcinogenesis was initiated by administration of 10 i.p. injections of 0.025 mg aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) per kg body weight. The rats were later submitted to 2-acetylaminofluorene treatment and partial hepatectomy, and GST-P foci were detected and quantified. Consumption of diets containing garlic powders decreased the appearance and the size of hepatic GST-P foci. A strong reduction was observed in rats fed with garlic containing the highest level of alliin. In addition, increased alliin content of the garlic powder was associated with a proportional decrease of the number and the area of preneoplastic foci. Elsewhere, garlic powder ingestion increased hepatic ethoxyresorufin deethylase, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and UDP glucuronosyl transferase activities while no modification of nifedipine oxidase activity was found. We also observed an increase in the levels of GST A5 and AFB1 aldehyde reductase. It is suggested that garlic partly exerted its anticarcinogenic effects through increasing enzymes involved in AFB1 detoxification. This study highlights the possibility of controlling the cultivation conditions for improving the efficacy of the chemopreventive properties of garlic.


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