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Carcinogenesis Advance Access published online on June 10, 2004
Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgh203
© 2004 by Oxford University Press
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Received March 9, 2004
Revised April 26, 2004
Accepted May 27, 2004

MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CANCER PREVENTION

Glutathione pathway genes and lung cancer risk in young and old age populations

P. Yang 1*, W. R. Bamlet 2, J. O. Ebbert 3, W. R. Taylor 4, M. de Andrade 2

1 Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA
2 Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA
3 Nicotine Research Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA
4 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Cancer Genotyping Facility, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: yang.ping{at}mayo.edu.


  Abstract

Objective: Multiple enzymes with overlapping functions and shared substrates in the glutathione (GSH) metabolic pathway have been associated with host susceptibility to tobacco smoke carcinogens and in lung cancer etiology. However, few studies have investigated the differing and interacting roles of GSH-pathway enzymes with tobacco smoke exposure on lung cancer risk in young (< 50 years of age) and old (> 80 years of age) populations. Method: Between 1997 and 2001, 237 primary lung cancer patients (170 young, 67 old) and 234 controls (165 young, 69 old) were consecutively enrolled at the Mayo Clinic. Using PCR amplification of genomic DNA, polymorphic markers for {gamma}GCS, GPX1, GSTP1 (I105V and A114V), GSTM1 and GSTT1 were genotyped. Recursive partitioning and logistic regression models were used to build binary classification trees and to estimate an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals for each splitting factor. Results: Young age group: Cigarette smoking had the greatest association with lung cancer (OR=3.3). For never smokers, the dividing factors of recursive partitioning were GSTT1 (OR=1.7), GPX1 (OR=0.6), and then GSTM1 (OR=4.3). Old age group: Smoking had the greatest association with lung cancer (OR=3.6). For smokers, the dividing factors were GPX1 (OR=3.3) and GSTP1 (I105V, OR=4.1). Results from logistic regression analysis supported the results from RPART models. Conclusion: GSH-pathway genes are associated with lung cancer development in young and old populations through differing interactions with cigarette smoking and family history. Carefully evaluating multiple levels of gene-environment and gene-gene interactions is critical in assessing lung cancer risk.

Key Words: lung neoplasms, glutathione, glutathione transferases, smoking, genetics


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