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Carcinogenesis Advance Access published online on September 16, 2004
Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgh283
© 2004 by Oxford University Press
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Received July 1, 2004
Revised September 6, 2004
Accepted September 7, 2004

COMMENTARY

Apoptosis in the development and treatment of cancer

Robert Gerl 1 and David L. Vaux 1*

1 The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: vaux{at}wehi.edu.au.


  Abstract

Our somatic cells are born by mitosis, and almost all will die by apoptosis, a physiological process of cellular suicide. Cancers can occur when this balance is disturbed, either from an increase in cell proliferation or a decrease in cell death. The goal of cancer therapy is to promote the death of cancer cells without causing too much damage to normal cells. Our knowledge of the mechanisms of apoptosis has enhanced our understanding of how some cancer originate and progress. It has also revealed that existing cancer therapies can work in two ways, by induction of apoptosis, as well as by direct toxicity. In some cases resistance to apoptosis may explain why cancer therapies fail. Novel treatments designed to exploit our knowledge of apoptotic mechanisms are under development to promote apoptosis of cancer cells, and limit concurrent death of normal cells.


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