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Carcinogenesis Advance Access published online on November 11, 2004
Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgh288
© 2004 by Oxford University Press
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Received June 9, 2004
Revised September 15, 2004
Accepted September 17, 2004

CANCER BIOLOGY

Differential gene expression in rat colon by dietary heme and calcium

C. van der Meer-van Kraaij 1, E. Kramer 1, D. Jonker-Termont 2, M. B. Katan 3, R. van der Meer 2, and J. Keijer 1*

1 Wageningen Centre for Food Sciences (WCFS), P.O. box 557, 6700 AN, Wageningen, The Netherlands; RIKILT, Institute of Food Safety, P.O. box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
2 Wageningen Centre for Food Sciences (WCFS), P.O. box 557, 6700 AN, Wageningen, The Netherlands; NIZO food research, P.O. box 20, 6710 BA, Ede, The Netherlands
3 Wageningen Centre for Food Sciences (WCFS), P.O. box 557, 6700 AN, Wageningen, The Netherlands

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Keijer, E-mail: jaap.keijer{at}wur.nl


  Abstract

Dietary heme and calcium are alleged modulators of colon cancer risk. Little is known about the molecular and cellular changes in the colon epithelium that are induced by consumption of these unabsorbed nutrients. In this nutrigenomics study, we fed rats high- and low-calcium diets with or without heme. In agreement with previous studies, we found that dietary heme increased the cytotoxicity of fecal water in the colon and elevated epithelial proliferation, a risk factor in colon carcinogenesis. Calcium reduced cytotoxicity and inhibits heme-induced effects. Among 365 colon-expressed genes, we could identify ten diet-modulated genes that show more than 2-fold altered expression, of which several are related to colon cell-turnover and disease. Mucosal pentraxin (Mptx) was the strongest differentially expressed gene, about 10-fold down-regulated by dietary heme and 3-fold up-regulated by calcium. cDNA Microarray and quantitative PCR analysis show that calcium significantly inhibits the effects of heme, which correlates with the physiological effects. Our results indicate that Mptx expression is related to colonic cell-turnover, and that Mptx might be a marker for diet-modulated mucosal integrity. We also show that Mptx expression is restricted to the intestine, and occurs predominantly in the colon.


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