Carcinogenesis Advance Access published online on December 9, 2004
Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgh353
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1 Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moleculaire, Faculte des Sciences et Techniques, Universite d'Abomey-Calavi, Republique du Benin; Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Air pollution, containing high level of ultrafine particles (UFP) and benzene, is a prominent environment health problem in many cities of the World. We investigated the level of oxidative DNA damage in mononuclear blood cells (MNBC) by the comet assay as DNA strand breaks (SB) and formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (FPG) sensitive sites in residents from three urban locations in Cotonou, Benin (taxi-moto drivers, subjects living near roads with intense traffic, and suburban residents) and rural residents. Exposure was characterized by urinary excretion of S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA), a biomarker of benzene exposure, and by ambient UFP. There were clear stepwise gradients with respect to ambient UFP, S-PMA excretion and oxidative DNA damage with rural subjects < suburban subjects < residents living near highly trafficed roads < taxi-moto drivers. Polymorphisms in glutathione peroxidase (GPX), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes were assessed for effect modification. Subjects with GSTT1 null genotype had lower urinary S-PMA excretion than subjects carrying the plus phenotype. Urinary S-PMA excretion correlated with SB (R = 0.17) and FPG sites (R = 0.25) in MNBC. The correlation between S-PMA and SB was strongest in subjects with NQO1 *1/*2 and *2/*2 genotypes (R = 0.37), and between S-PMA and FPG sensitive sites in subjects with GSTP1*B/*B genotype (R = 0.39). In conclusion, this study shows that urban air with high levels of benzene and UFP is associated with elevated levels of SB and FPG sites in MNBC, and that NQO1 and GST genes may modulate the effect.
Received September 1, 2004
Revised November 15, 2004
Accepted November 23, 2004
MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CANCER PREVENTION
Ultrafine particulate matter and high-level benzene urban air pollution in relation to oxidative DNA damage
2 Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moleculaire, Faculte des Sciences et Techniques, Universite d'Abomey-Calavi, Republique du Benin
3 Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
4 Unite d'enseignement et de recherché au travail et environement, Faculte des Sciences de la Sante, Universite d'Abomey-Calavi, Republique du Benin
Peter Møller, E-mail: p.moller{at}pubhealth.ku.dk
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