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Carcinogenesis Advance Access published online on May 25, 2005
Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgi135
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Published by Oxford University Press 2005
Received January 17, 2005
Revised May 18, 2005
Accepted May 19, 2005

CANCER BIOLOGY

The role of the cytoskeleton in differentially regulating pressure-mediated effects on malignant colonocyte focal adhesion signalling and cell adhesion

Vijayalakshmi Thamilselvan 1 and Marc D. Basson 1*

1 Department of Surgery, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201; Department of Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Marc D. Basson, E-mail: marc.basson{at}med.va.gov


  Abstract

Increased extracellular pressure stimulates colon cancer cell adhesion by activating FAK and Src. We investigated the role of the cytoskeleton in pressure-induced inside-out FAK and Src phosphorylation and pressure-stimulated adhesion. We perturbed actin polymerization with phalloidin, cytochalasin D, and latrunculin B, and microtubule organization with colchicine and paclitaxol. We compared the effects of these agents on pressure-induced SW620 and human primary colon cancer cell adhesion and inside-out FAK/Src activation to outside-in adhesion-dependent FAK/Src activation. Cells pretreated with cytoskeletal inhibitors were subjected to 15 mm Hg increased pressure and allowed to adhere to collagen I coated plates or prevented from adhesion to pacificated plates for 30 minutes. Phalloidin, cytochalasin D, latrunculin B, and colchicine pretreatment completely prevented pressure-stimulated and significantly inhibited basal SW620 cell adhesion. Taxol did not inhibit pressure-induced colon cancer cell adhesion, but significantly lowered basal adhesion. Cytochalasin D and colchicine had similar effects in pressure-stimulated primary human malignant colonocytes. Phalloidin, cytochalasin D, latrunculin B, and colchicine prevented pressure-induced SW620 FAK phosphorylation but not Src phosphorylation. FAK phosphorylation in response to collagen I adhesion was significantly attenuated but not completely prevented by these inhibitors. Although Src phosphorylation was not increased upon adhesion, the cytoskeleton-disrupting agents significantly lowered basal Src phosphorylation in adherent cells. These results suggest that both cytoskeleton-dependent FAK activation and cytoskeleton-independent Src activation may be required for extracellular pressure to stimulate colon cancer cell adhesion. Furthermore, the cytoskeleton plays a different role in pressure-activated FAK and Src signaling than in FAK and Src activation in adherent cells. We therefore hypothesize that cytoskeletal interactions with focal adhesion signals mediate the effects of extracellular pressure on colon cancer cell adhesion.

Keywords: Actin; adhesion; FAK; matrix; mechanotransduction; microtubules; Src.
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