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Carcinogenesis Advance Access published online on May 25, 2005
Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgi136
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
Received February 11, 2005
Revised May 16, 2005
Accepted May 19, 2005

COMMENTARY

BRCA1 and BRCA2 as ovarian cancer susceptibility genes

Heidi Sowter 1 and Alan Ashworth 1*

1 The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Alan Ashworth, E-mail: alan.ashworth{at}icr.ac.uk


  Abstract

Individuals carrying germ-line mutations in one allele of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes are at significantly increased risk of developing cancer. Although the increased risk of breast cancer is often highlighted, cancer at several other sites is also considerably more common in these individuals. Here we discuss existing knowledge of the role of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation in predisposition to ovarian cancer. The risk of an individual with a mutation developing cancer of the ovary appears to be influenced by the position of the mutation within the BRCA gene, the presence of allelic variants of modifying genes and the hormonal exposure of the carrier. Once cancer has developed, the pathology and clinical behaviour of BRCA-associated tumours appears distinct from sporadic cases. Comparison of the pathogenesis of breast and ovarian cancers caused by BRCA mutation provides insight into the function of BRCA proteins as tumour suppressors in different cellular environments.


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